Nino Maddalena

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Nino Maddalena Criminal Justice
Manager National Treatment Agency
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Overview

• The problem
• Why should we be concerned about drug
  related crime?
• The evidence
• How do we know that drug treatment can make
  a difference?
• Whats been achieved?
• 11 years on from the first 10 year strategy
• Where do we go from here?
• What threats and opportunities does the
  future hold?

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Why its everybodys problem?

• If you are a taxpayer you will pick up part of
  the annual 15.4bn bill for the crime and health
  costs generated by people buying and using Class
  A drugs such as heroin and crack
• If you are a victim of crime there is a strong
  chance it will be drug-related. Estimates suggest
  that between a third and a half of all
  acquisitive crime (shoplifting, burglary, vehicle
  crime, robbery, etc) is drug-related. Around
  three-quarters of heroin and crack users say they
  commit crime to fund their habit
• The community you live in can be badly affected
  in a number of ways, from the antisocial
  behaviour associated with drug dealing, the
  activities of those under the influence of drugs
  (including discarded needles), the violence
  associated with organised crime, and
  prostitution.

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Treatment effectiveness

• The National Treatment Outcome Research Study
  (NTORS) followed more than 1,000 problem drug
  users through treatment It recorded significant
  reductions in offending, with rates of
  acquisitive crime falling by half at the one-year
  point. These improvements were maintained at
  various follow-up points.
• National Institute for Health and Clinical
  Excellence (NICE) suggests the health and crime
  cost of each injecting drug user is 480,000 over
  a lifetime.
• For every 1 spent on drug treatment 9.50 was
  saved on economic, health and social costs
  associated with drug misuse

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Evidence of effectiveness of CJ interventions

• Arrest Referral Schemes 1 and the Drug Treatment
  and Testing Orders (DTTO)2 which showed that the
  average amount pent on drugs fell from 400 per
  week at the start of the intervention to 25 per
  week at the follow up stage
• More than1 in 4 of those starting a new episode
  of treatment in England are referred by staff
  working in the criminal justice system.
• 1 http//www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/law/research/icpr/pu
  blications/Doing20Justice20to20Treatment.20DPA
  S2.pdf
• 2 http//www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hors212.pd
  f

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Stop press

• http//www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/r275.pdf
• This study matches data from the Police National
  Computer (PNC) with the NTAs National Drug
  Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS) database on a
  sample of opiate and crack users who had recently
  offended but had not been jailed and had started
  treatment in the community. The number of
  offences committed almost halved following the
  start of treatment and the results were very much
  in line with the studies that had been based on
  self report information

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Where we came from?

• 2001 Arrest Referral
• (monthly)
• 2000 assessments England and Wales
• 460 (25) engage in treatment

• Drug Treatment and
• Testing Order (DTTO)
• 2001/02 - 4,854 commencements
• Limited target group
• Proscriptive and inflexible 20 hours
• Accredited programme required

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Whats been achieved in the community?

• Drug Interventions Programme (DIP)
• Criminal Justice Integrated Teams (CJITs)
• Testing on arrest
• Required assessments
• Restrictions on bail
• Rapid access to treatment
• Drug Rehabilitation Requirements (DRRs)

• Every week, over 1,000 drug-misusing offenders
  are engaged in treatment via DIP
• HO research followed group of 7,727 DIP clients
  and found that half showed a 79 reduction in
  offending over a 6 month period
• Overall volume of offending was 26 lower
  following DIP identification
• Number of DRRs increased from 4,854 in 2001/02 to
  16,607 in 2007/08 in 2007/08. Completion rates
  28 in 2003 43 in 2007/08

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A work in progress more to be done

• Implementing the DIP review
• Continuity of care
• System Change Pilots more joined up, more
  efficient, more effective
• Integrated Offender Management addressing the
  reintegration agenda and delivering case
  management

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http//www.nta.nhs.uk/publications/documents/nta_c
riminaljustice_0809.pdf