Ming%20and%20Qing%20Dynasties

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Ming and Qing Dynasties
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Last 3 Dynasties (Beijing)

• Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
• Mongolian
• north of China proper
• Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
• Han Chinese
• Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
• Manchu
• northeast of China proper

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Confucian culture

• modern concept of political nation state
• Chinese defined by Confucian culture
• civil service exam (605-1905)
• social mobility
• reward diligence, discipline, and willpower, but
  not talent or innovation
• law of avoidance
• sum of social relationships

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Social hierarchy and mobility

• scholar-officials, farmers, artisans, and
  merchants
• scholar-official-landlord
• learning, political power, and economic wealth
• local elite (gentry) and lineage
• lack of work ethic
• literatis long gown
• foot-binding for women

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Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)
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Chinas Tributary System

• Traditional system for managing foreign relations
• The Central Kingdom worldview
• Ming dynasty had the most extensive tributary
  system
• tributes from East Asia, South Asia, Southeast
  Asia, and even West Asia and Africa

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Zheng Hes fleet (1405 - 1433)

• Over 300 ships 20,000 men
• trade and commerce
• Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East
  Africa

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Zheng Hes expeditions
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Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912)

• Ming dynasty fell in 1644 amid peasant uprisings
  and Manchu invasion
• Manchu and Han Chinese

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Ming and Qing Emperors
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Mandate of Heaven
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The 6 Bu

• Ministries
• 6-Bu system started in early Tang Dynasty (618 -
  907)

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The 6 Bu (ministries)

• Ministry of Personnel
• Ministry of Revenue
• Ministry of Rites
• Ministry of Military
• Ministry of Criminal Justice
• Ministry of Public Works

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Emperor Macartney (1793)