Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

• In situ conservation

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Ecosystem Ark
The way to conserve species is in their habitats
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

• In situ conservation
• Cataloging biodiversity

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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

• In situ conservation
• Cataloging biodiversity
• Making priorities

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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

• In situ conservation
• Cataloging biodiversity
• Making priorities
• Biodiversity hotspots

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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

• In situ conservation
• Cataloging biodiversity
• Making priorities
• Biodiversity hotspots

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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

• In situ conservation
• Cataloging biodiversity
• Making priorities
• Biodiversity hotspots

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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies

• In situ conservation
• Cataloging biodiversity
• Making priorities
• Biodiversity hotspots

NGOs WWF CI WCI IUCN CBD GBIFSSCGEF AZE
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
In situ conservation Ex situ conservation
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Going, going, . . . . Gone The end of the line
the loss of gene pools and the extinction of
species
po ouli
Ivory-billed woodpecker
dodo
Morro Bay kangaroo rat
golden toad
San Diego fairy shrimp
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
In situ conservation Ex situ conservation
Species extinction prevented (or forestalled),
but only after population(s) living in the wild
declined to zero individuals (for varying time
periods) American bison (?) Przewalskis
horse Black-footed ferret California
condor Spix macaw Guam rail Hawaiian crow
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POPULATION SIZE

• Most genetic issues in conservation involve small
  populations or population bottlenecks

POPULATION SIZE
GENERATION
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
In situ conservation Ex situ conservation

• Zoos, botanical parks, aquaria.
• Museums, germplasm banks, frozen collections.
• Digital archives, images, DNA sequences,
  karyotypes.

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Po ouli
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Karyotype of the po ouli
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
In situ conservation Ex situ conservation Linking
in situ and ex situ conservation
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California condor - Gymnogyps californianus
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California condor G-banded chromosomes
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Relatedness of remnant population of California
condorsThree surviving clans
Topa-Topa 1
AC9 21
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Hereditary chondrodystrophy in California condors
Ralls, K Ballou, JD Rideout, BA Frankham, R.
(2000) Genetic management of chondrodystrophy in
California condors. Animal Conservation
3145-153.
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Emphasis on investigating human genetic variation
affects has conservation impacts
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Conservation Genomics

• Potential applications of genome sequencing
  studies that contribute to the conservation
  of endangered species broadly include
• animal healthimmune function and regulation
  disease diagnosis
• characterizing and mapping genetic risk factors
  in small populations, including genetic
  diseases
• population assessments, monitoring and
  management
• recent evolutionary history bottlenecks,
  selective sweeps.
• phylogeography inference of spatial
  partitioning of genetic diversity over time
  and bias in geographic patterns of male- vs.
  female- mediated gene flow.
• reproductive biology, enhancement of
  reproduction and healthy offspring
• identification of genes that regulate events in
  the reproductive cycle - light cycle, olfactory
  and auditory stimuli genes affecting
  implantation)
• imprinting of genes expressed in
  placentation and embryogenesis
• identifying genes involved in adaptations
• dietary specializations tolerance of
  environmental and/or dietary toxins
  sensory modalities morphological adaptations
  mitigating environmental stresses

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The Frozen Zoo
Mission of the Frozen Zoo To help
preserve the legacy of life on Earth for future
generations by establishing and maintaining
genetic resources in support of worldwide efforts
in research and conservation.
gt 7,200 accessions
Over 6,500 accessions
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
In situ conservation Ex situ conservation Linking
in situ and ex situ conservation Affecting the
conservation context
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Actually, were only taking tissue samples.
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Conservation of Biodiversity in an Era of
Exploration
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Hello Dolly !!
Dr. Ian Wilmut
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Cloning The impact of Dolly
Mammals that have been cloned by somatic nuclear
transfer
sheep cowpiggoatmousecatgaurratmulehorse
white-tailed deerargali wild sheepbanteng
Breakthrough of the Year
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Available technology
Species Survival Plan Carrying
capacityFounder Genome Equivalents
benefitPopulation management goals
Gene pool management program
Frozen Zoo Resources
Cells of genetically valuable animals
available
!?
Reproductivephysiology Ova - surrogates Neonatal
husbandry Behavior
Cloning rationale Exploration of current
opportunities in application of cloning
technology in support of gene pool conservation
efforts
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Banteng, Bos javanicus
Studbook 391, born 1974 at San Diego Zoo Died
1980 at San Diego Wild Animal Park
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18 months
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
In situ conservation Ex situ conservation Linking
in situ and ex situ conservation Affecting the
conservation context
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Endangered Species Conservation Technologies
In case I didnt say it or make it clear, the
most important conservation action (technology ?)
begins with individual commitment and action.
Each person that says I care! makes a
difference. Each caring action helps.My truth
is that this world, these species and the places
which sustain them are precious, worth saving,
and, to preserve for the future, worth changing
human society on a personal, national and global
level.