LAB 1: VEGETABLES

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• LAB 1
  VEGETABLES
• BACKGROUND INFORMATION

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OBJECTIVES

• Be able to distinguish specific types of
• organs (leaves, roots, stems) FROM SLIDES
• and cells and tissues and tissue types from
  slides
• develop understanding of tissue structure,
  function, and development.

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ORGANS roots, stems, leaves, reproductive
structures

• a?
• b?
• c?

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regions within organs

• Vein?
• Vascular cylinder?
• Cortex?
• Epidermis
• endodermis?

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tissue systems

• Epidermal
• vascular
• ground

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hierarchy

• Tissue system (3)
• tissue (6 for now)
• cell type (7 for now)
• (organs have all the tissue systems)
• (regions may include 1 or 2 tissues systems)

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• VASCULAR SYSTEM
• XYLEM (tissue)
• vessel elements
• tracheids
• Parenchyma
• Collenchyma
• Sclerenchyma
• PHLOEM
• sieve elements
• Companion cells
• Parenchyma
• Collenchyma

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tissues cells

• example the xylem tracheid

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a cell type tracheids Bernd Heinrich. 1998.
The Trees in My Forest. Cliff Street Books
(HarperCollins), NY.

• "The dead tracheid wood cell cell walls, which
  end to end form the water pipes, are the wood
  "fibers" used to make paper. One cell, one fiber.
  The fibers themselves are composed of long
  cellulose molecules coiled in a helix around a
  hollow axis. If arranged end to end, about 2,000
  cellulose chains, each one of them composed of
  about 1,000 glucose or sugar units strung
  together, would equal about one tracheid length.
  There are about 2 billion (2,000,000,000)
  cellulose chains in one tracheid or wood fiber.
  Each tracheid cell thus contains the equivalent
  of 2,000,000,000,000 sugar molecules, which are
  the primary product of photosynthesis. Most of a
  tracheids growth occurs in about thirty days
  thus one tracheid cell will add an average of 2 x
  1012 glucose units/(2,592,000 seconds/30 days)
  771,600 glucose unit per second per tracheid cell
  for the entire thirty days. Glucose is a sugar
  composed of six carbons, requiring six carbon
  dioxide molecules to make, hence one growing
  tracheid cell takes up the equivalent of 771,600
  X 6 4.6 millions carbon dioxide molecules per
  second."

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tissues cells

• http//campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/Botany/lab/
  L-intro.doc
• more later

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FUNCTIONS

• WHICH ORGAN GOES WITH EACH FUNCTION??
• photosynthesis for foodCO2 H2O ? O2
  C6H12O6
  
• support leaves and flowers transport materials
  to/from other organs
• absorb and transport water and minerals anchor
  plant

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• CO2 H2O ? O2 C6H12O6
• arranged, anatomically and morphologically, to
  absorb rays
• stomata closable pores and air spaces to
  collect CO2
• cuticle to retard water loss

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Only stems haveBUDS

• to produce
• branches and leaves

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• for strength often pipe-shaped (even microscopic
  pipes within other pipes)

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• root hairs increase surface area for absorption

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• root hairs increase surface area for absorption
• waxy Casparian strips in the endodermis to
  control entry/exit of materials

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Meristems how they grow

• Primary growth Length at apex (tip)
• apical meristem where cells divide

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Meristems how they grow

• root

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Meristems how they grow

• stem

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Meristems how they grow

• go here
• http//campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/Botany/lab/
  L-intro.doc