Simultaneous EEG and EMG Biofeedback for Peak Performance in Musicians

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Simultaneous EEG and EMG Biofeedback for Peak
Performance in Musicians
Conjunct COST B27 and SAN Scientific
Meeting, Swansea, UK, 16-18 September 2006

• N.Pop-Jordanova, O.Bazanova, D. Georgiev,
  A.Kondratenko, O.Kondratenko,
  S.Markovska-Simoska, J.Mernaya
• Faculty of Medicine, Skopje
• Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of
  Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk
• Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje
• Macedonian Music Academy, Skopje

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The title, the affiliation the
aim
Macedonia
Russia
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"Never must your fingers stand in the way of your
artistic interpretation," Carl Czerny
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STATEMENTS
Biofeedback for musical performance skills

• The EMG and EEG
• features of musical performance skills

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• Musical performance skills rely on cognitive
  processes of awareness and optimal muscle
  activation without increasing the tension of
  muscles which do not participate in the
  execution.

(Bernstein, 1967)
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Skilled musicians use much less motor areas of
brain than non musicians

(Lotze M. al. 2003)
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The electrophysiological indices of OPTIMAL
functioning of musician-performer
(Petsche Etlinger, 1998, Hassler 2000,
Bazanova al 2003, Bazanova Kondratenko, 2005)
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Biofeedback in training for musical performance
EMG - Biofeedback reduces on target muscle
tension of musicians performers
(Hale,1981 Zinn et Zinn, 2003 Paterson et al
2005)
Theta/alpha training for musicality
Egner,Gruzeleir 2003
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EEG Sensors
Biofeedback signal
Monitor presentation
Interface
EMG Sensors
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Alpha peculiarities
(Kaiser, 2001 Hanslmayr et al., 2005)
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AIMS
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2
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AIMS
To compare responses of musicians with high and
low individual alpha peak frequency to usual
practice and practice combined with long term
simultaneous individual alpha increasing and EMG
decreasing biofeedback training.
To investigate the impact of alpha-EEG/EMG
biofeedback on electrophysiological and
psychometric parameters in musicians.
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(No Transcript)
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Control Group(23) Control Group(23) Experimental group(28) Experimental group(28)
IAPF low 10Hz high gt10Hz low 10Hz high gt10Hz
total 12 11 14 14
male 5 4 6 6
female 7 7 8 8
piano 4 3 5 6
wind inst. 3 3 4 4
violin 5 4 5 3
viola 1 1
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Procedure
Experimental group (BFB) Experimental group (BFB) Control group Control group
Low IAPF 10HZ High IAPF gt10 Hz Low IAPF 10HZ High IAPF gt10 Hz
Interview, Psychometric tests Interview, Psychometric tests Interview, Psychometric tests Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert (Performance) Concert (Performance) Concert (Performance) Concert (Performance)
EEG-EMG status monitoring EEG-EMG status monitoring EEG-EMG status monitoring EEG-EMG status monitoring
ALPHA-EMG BFB ALPHA-EMG BFB Usual musical practice Usual musical practice
EEG-EMG status monitoring EEG-EMG status monitoring EEG-EMG status monitoring EEG-EMG status monitoring
Interview, Psychometric tests Interview, Psychometric tests Interview, Psychometric tests Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert (Performance) Concert (Performance) Concert (Performance) Concert (Performance)
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Psychometric instruments

• Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory
• Rheinberg Self-actualization Inventory

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Concert performance

• Double blind expert evaluation
• video
• unknown students
• Criteria
• technique
• rhythm
• musicality

quality of sound

creativity
intonation
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Twice per week during two months
Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB with practice
Usual practice
Control group
Experimental group
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Alpha-EMG Biofeedback
Arrows directed up and down indicate successful
episodes of meeting training criteria.
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Successful periods
Alpha Power
EMG Power
successful
unsuccessful
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Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
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Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
IAPF Individual Alpha Peak Frequency
IABW Individual Alpha Band Width
IAAS Individual Amount Alpha Suppression
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Methods. Alpha activity EEG analysis
Eyes closed condition for IAPF
Eyes open vs. eyes closed condition for IABW and
IAAS
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Methods Alpha activity EEG analysisIndividual
Alpha Band Width (IABW)
Cut-off criteria 20
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Methods Alpha activity EEG analysisIndividual
Alpha Band Width (IABW)
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Methods.EMG analysis
Raw EMG
Int EMG

• IEMG Integrated EMG, averaged over 100ms

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MethodsStatistical analysis
Measurements ANOVA/MANOVA designs
EEG indices Alpha power, IAPF, IABW, IAAS Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs Group (Control BFB)_ IAPF (lt10Hz, 10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)_ Localization (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2)
Coherence Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs Group (Control BFB)_ IAPF (lt10Hz, 10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)_ Localization (F3-F4, F3-C3, F3-F4, F3-P3, F3-P4, F3-O1, F3-O2)
IntEMG Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs Group (Control BFB)_ IAPF (lt10Hz, 10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)
State anxiety, Trait anxiety, Self actualization Expert estimation scores Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs Group (Control BFB)_ IAPF (lt10Hz, 10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, pre-BFB, post-BFB)
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RESULTS
Comparison of musicians with high and low IAPF
Impact of usual practice and alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
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Results Difference between Low and High IAPF
groups in baseline conditions
Expert estimation
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Results Difference between Low and High IAPF
groups in baseline conditions
Psychometric scores

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Results Difference between Low and High IAPF
groups in baseline conditions
EEG and EMG indices
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Results Difference between Low and High IAPF
groups in baseline conditions
EEG and EMG response to
alpha-EEG/EMG BFB (30 min)
usual practice (30 min)









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Results Correlations
  IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG
Technique r0.54 plt0.002     r-0.54 plt0.000
Creativity   r0.55 plt0.004    
Selfactualization     r0.43 plt0.002  
Sound quality       r-0.71 plt0.008
EFC()     r0.58 plt0.000  
Musicality   r0.49 plt0.001    
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After two months
Expert estimation
Usual practice
Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB


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After two months
Psychometric scores
In control group with usual practice
In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB


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After two months
EEG and EMG indices
In control group with usual practice
In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB



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Efficiency of the biofeedback training
In control group with usual practice
In experimental group with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB







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Correlations
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Conclusions

• Both, low and high IAPF group showed improvement
  in the individual alpha and EMG parameters after
  two months alpha increasing and EMG decreasing
  biofeedback training.
• Alpha-EEG/ EMG BFB is efficient in increasing
  voluntary self-control in musicians during
  musical performance