Postwar Korea

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Postwar Korea
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Outline

• Overview
• Japanese rule (1910 - 1945)
• Korean War (1950 - 1953)
• Republic of Korea
• Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
• Inter-Korean relations

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Japanese rule (1910-1945)

• Control educational system
• Japanese language and culture
• Control land (40 of entire country)
• Infrastructure
• railroads and telegraph lines
• Industrialization
• Provisional Government-in-exile (1919)

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38th Parallel (1945-50)

• Soviet U.S. divided Korea along 38th parallel
  after Japan surrendered in 1945
• 1948-08-15, Republic of Korea was established
  (43 area, 60 population)
• President Rhee Syngman
• 1948-09-09, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
  was established
• Premier Kim Il-Sung

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Dulles, Rhee, MacArthur

• nationalist goals vs. Cold War strategies

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Korean War (1950 - 1953)

• Most fighting happened 1950 - 1951
• truce negotiations 1951 - 1953
• Military Demarcation Line (MDL) (1953 - )

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Mutual Defense Treaty

• 1953 ROK-US Mutual Defense Treaty
• "the right to dispose United States ... forces in
  and about the territory of the Republic of Korea
  as determined by mutual agreement.
• US authorities may request that Korean
  authorities transfer jurisdiction over crimes
  that fall under Korean jurisdiction. The Korean
  judiciary must consent.

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Republic of Korea

• President Rhee Syngman (1948 - 1960)
• autocrat resigned amid popular protests
• 1961 military coup by Park Chung-Hee
• relations with Japan normalized in 1965
• economic takeoff
• assassinated in 1979

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ROK Economic Takeoff

• Parks authoritarian rule (1961-79)
• annual economic growth rate of 9.2
• one of the four Asian little dragons
• year per capita GDP (US) export (US)
• --------------------------------------------------
  ---------
• 1962 87 56.7
  million
• 1980 1,503 17,500.0 million

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Democratization in ROK

• Army General Chun (1980 - 1987)
• 1980, Kwangju massacre
• 1987, Declaration of Political Reforms
• 1988 election, opposition parties won majority in
  National Assembly
• Kim Young Sam won presidential election in 1992
• 1st elected civilian president

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Current President

• 2012 presidential election
• Park Geun-hye (Park Chung-Hees daughter)

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North Korea

• Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
• area slightly smaller than Mississippi
• population 23 million
• Capital Pyongyang
• Ruling party Workers Party of Korea

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The Kim political dynasty

• Kim Jong-Il succeeded his father, Kim Il-Sung, as
  the supreme leader in 1994.
• Kim Jong-Un succeeded his father, Kim Jong-Il, as
  the supreme leader in 2011.

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Inter-Korean Relations

• 1972 Joint-Communiqué
• President Kim Dae-Jungs Sunshine Policy
  (engagement) since 1997
• Kim visited Pyongyang in 2000 and won Nobel Peace
  Prize
• 2nd summit in 2007 between Roh and Kim

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Inter-Korean Relations

• Inter-Korean Ministerial Talks since 2000
• South-North Economic Cooperation Promotion
  Committee
• Inter-Korean Red Cross talks
• 18 face-to-face and 7 video reunions were held
  between 2000 and 2013.
• 4,321 separated families 21,734 individuals
• Interruption by nuclear tests, conflicts, etc.

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Inter-Korean Relations

• railway and road reconnection
• North Korea tourism