The Building of Global Empires

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The Building of Global Empires
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Global Empires Learning Outcomes

• Understand the effects of revolution,
  industrialization, and imperialism around the
  globe
• Appreciate the impact of imperialism on the
  organizations of societies throughout the world
• Be able to think about the economic implications
  of imperialism throughout the world
• Be able to explain how the imperial powers
  unintentionally encouraged independence movements
• Be able to respond to the question, how did the
  legacy of imperialism shape the contemporary
  world?

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The Building of Global Empires

• Why are Cecil John Rhodes views said to be
  representative of European imperialists?

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The Building of Global Empires

• Foundations of Empire
• Motives of Imperialism

African Diamond Mine
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Foundations of Empire

• Motives of Imperialism
• Modern Imperialism
• Modern Colonialism
• Economic Motives of Imperialism
• Political Motives of Imperialism
• Cultural Justifications
• of Imperialism

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Foundations of Empire

• Sources From The Past Rudyard Kipling on The
  White Mans Burden

• Take the White Mans burden
• And reap his old reward
• The blame of those ye better,
• The hate of those ye guard...
• Rudyard Kipling,
• The White Mans Burden

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Foundations of Empire

• Tools of Empire
• Transportation Technologies
• Military Technologies
• Communications Technologies

Suez Canal Opening
Theodore Roosevelt speaking at Panama Canal
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The Building of Global Empires

• European Imperialism
• The British Empire in India
• Company Rule Sepoy Mutiny

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Sepoy Revolt, 1857

• Enfield rifles
• Cartridges in wax paper greased with animal fat
• Problem for Hindus beef
• Problem for Muslims pork
• Sepoys capture garrison
• 60 soldiers, 180 civilian males massacred (after
  surrender)
• Two weeks later, 375 women and children murdered
• British retake fort, hang rebels

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The Building of Global Empires

• European Imperialism
• The British Empire in India
• Company Rule
• British Imperial Rule

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Foundations of Empire Tools of Empire
19th c. political poster who is represented?
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European Imperialism

• Imperialism in Central Asia Southeast Asia
• The Great Game

Imperialism in Asia, ca. 1914
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European Imperialism

• Imperialism in Central Asia Southeast Asia
• The Great Game
• British Colonies in
• Southeast Asia
• French Indochina

Bolan Pass, Afganistan War
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The Ottoman Empire

• The Ottoman Empire in Decline

Territorial Losses of the Ottoman Empire,
1800-1914
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The Ottoman Empire in Decline

• The Nature of Decline
• Military Decline
• Territorial Losses
• Economic Difficulties
• The Capitulations
• European penetration

Mohammad Ali (Alabaster) Mosque, Ali made Egypt
autonomous within Ottoman Empire
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The Ottoman Empire in Decline

• Reform Reorganization
• The Reforms of Mahmud II
• Legal Educational Reform
• Opposition to the Tanzimat

Mahmud II, reigned 1808 - 1839
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The Ottoman Empire in Decline

• The Young Turk Era
• Reform Repression
• The Young Turks

Enver Pasha, one of three Young Turk leaders
Sultan Abd alHamid, 1876-1909
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The Chinese Empire under Siege

• The Opium War the Unequal Treaties
• The Opium Trade
• Tea

Drying Tea in China
Chinese Opium Den
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The Opium Trade Tea
Ships moored at Lintin, near Canton, and the
opium was sent up the coast in local craft. Opium
was shipped in chests, each weighing about 60
kilograms. The Chinese paid in silver a gross
profit of 1,000 silver dollars was made on each
chest.
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The Chinese Empire under Siege

• The Opium War the Unequal Treaties

Nemesis, 1842
Nemesis, Calliope and Starling Destroying the
Chinese War Junks in Anson's Bay
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The Chinese Empire under Siege

• The Opium War the Unequal Treaties
• Unequal Treaties
• Treaty of Nanjing

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The Chinese Empire under Siege

• The Taiping Rebellion

East Asia in the nineteenth century
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The Chinese Empire under Siege

• The Taiping Program
• Taiping Defeat

Final Assault on the Taipings at Nanjing, 1864
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The Chinese Empire under Siege

• Empress Dowager Cixi, 1835-1908

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The Chinese Empire under Siege

• Reform Frustrated
• The Self-Strengthening Movement
• Spheres of Influence
• The Hundred Days Reforms
• The Boxer Rebellion

The Boxers
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European Imperialism

• The Scramble for Africa
• European Explorers
• in Africa

Imperialism in Africa, ca. 1914
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The Scramble for Africa

• European Explorers in Africa
• The Belgian Congo
• King Leopold II, personal colony
• Abuses government takeover
• South Africa
• The Berlin Conference
• Systems of Colonial Rule
• Direct Indirect Rule

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European Imperialism in the Pacific

• Settler Colonies in the Pacific

Imperialism in Oceania, ca. 1914
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European Native Population in Australia New
Zealand
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European Imperialism in the Pacific

• Settler Colonies in the Pacific
• Imperialists in Paradise
• Australia
• Pacific Islands

Queen Liliuokalani
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The Emergence of New Imperial Powers

• U.S. Imperialism in Latin America the Pacific
• The Monroe Doctrine
• The Spanish-American War

The Wreck of the USS Maine
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The Emergence of New Imperial Powers

• U.S. Imperialism in Latin America the Pacific
• The Monroe Doctrine
• The Spanish-American War
• The Panama Canal

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The Emergence of New Imperial Powers

• Imperial Japan
• Early Japanese Expansion
• The Sino-Japanese War
• The Russo-Japanese War

Baron Kogoro Takahira
Sergei Witte
Russo-Japanese Peace Conference Representatives
Postcard
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Legacies of Imperialism

• New Food Crops
• Labor Migrations
• Europeans move to temperate lands
• Work as free cultivators, industrial laborers
• 32 million to the US 1800-1914
• Africans, Asians, and Pacific islanders move to
  tropical/subtropical lands
• Indentured laborers, manual laborers
• 2.5 million between 1820 and 1914
• Indentured Labor Migration
• Empire and Migration

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Legacies of Imperialism

• Labor Migrations

Imperialism and migration during the 19th and
early 20th century
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Legacies of Imperialism

• Empire Society
• Colonial Conflict
• Scientific Racism
• Popular Racism

Illustration from Indigenous Races of the Earth.
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Colonial Conflict

• Thousands of insurrections against colonial rule
• Tanganyika Maji Maji Rebellion against Germans
  (1905-1906)
• Rebels sprinkle selves with magic water (maji
  maji) as protection against modern weapons 75000
  killed
• Scientific Racism developed
• Count Joseph Arthurd de Gobineau (1816-1882)
• Combines with theories of Charles Darwin
  (1809-1882) to form pernicious doctrine of Social
  Darwinism

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The Building of Global EmpiresKey Words Terms
(29)

• imperialism
• mission civilisatrice
• Suez Panama Canal
• Sepoy Rebellion, 1857
• Ottoman Empire
• The capitulations
• Tanzimat Era
• Young Turk Party
• The Opium War
• Treaty of Nanjing (Treaty Ports) 1842
• Taiping Rebellion
• Self-strengthening movement
• Boxer Rebellion
• scramble for Africa
• The Belgium Congo
• King Leopold II

• Cecil Rhodes
• Rudyard Kipling, White Mans Burden
• Queen Victoria direct rule
• Great Game
• Berlin Conference
• Australia terra nullius
• Spanish-American War
• Sino-Japanese War
• Russo-Japanese War
• Queen Liliuokalani
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Count Gobineau, Essay on the Inequality of the
  Human Races (1853-55)
• Charles Darwin, On the Origin of the Species
  (1859)
• Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism

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The Building of Global Empires Summary

• The tempo of world history increased in the 19th
  century with the construction of global empires.
• European peoples imposed their rule on much of
  Asia almost all of Africa.
• By the end of the century, the United States and
  Japan joined European states as global
  imperialists.
• All imperial powers shaped the societies they
  ruled were, in turn, shaped by them.
• Colonizer colonized relationships intertwined.
• Multicultural societies facilitated global
  migrations.
• The imperial powers fostered reactions that
  stimulated independence movements a sense of
  national identity.
• 19th century imperialism colonialism casts a
  long shadow over the 20th century