Hebrews Jews Israelites

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HebrewsJewsIsraelites
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Out of this region comes the first monotheistic
religion

• Monotheism- the belief in one God
• Judaism- the Hebrews religion
• Beginnings
• In Ur, a man named Abraham said that God spoke to
  him and said that if he leads his family out of
  Ur and into Canaan He will make him and his
  descendants healthy, wealthy and wise

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• They settled in Canaan which is where his
  descendants lived for many years.
• There was a famine in Canaan so some of the
  Hebrews left and moved to Egypt where they
  thrived.
• This scared the pharaoh (king) so he enslaved
  them.

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• 1200s BC God spoke to one of the pharaoh's
  sons named Moses, and said you need to
  convinced your dad to free the Hebrews
• Moses fought this idea and even tried to run away
  and hide from it
• Eventually he went back into Egypt and demanded
  that they be freed
• The pharaoh refused and God inflicted plagues
  upon Egypt

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• Eventually he gave in and Moses led his people in
  an Exodus back to Canaan
• Upon their journey home they came upon Mt.
  Sinai which is where God gave Moses two stone
  tablets upon which the Ten Commandments were
  inscribed
• These laws guided them
• throughout life

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• Once they made it back to Canaan, they had to
  recapture their city, called it Israel and became
  known as Israelites
• Had no central government until the Philistines
  invaded in 1000s BC
• Saul guided them through this battle but did not
  gain support of all

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• After Saul died, a man who once worked in Sauls
  palace, who had been outlawed (he feared his
  intelligence and motives) became king
• His name was David and he was well liked,
  defeated the Philistines again and capture
  Jerusalem and made it their capital

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• Davids son Solomon took over in 965 BC
• He expanded the kingdom
• Made others his allies
• Added wealth to his kingdom
• Built a huge temple in Jerusalem
• After his death, their were battles fought about
  who should be king

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The split

• Two new kingdoms, Israel and Judah (these people
  are known as Jews)
• Eventually these kingdoms were conquered (
  Israel- Assyrians and Judah- Chaldeans) and the
  people scattered- which is called Diaspora.
• 530s BC- Persians captured Judah and let the
  Jews return
• 63 BC- conquered by Romans

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Beliefs

• Monotheistic
• Education and Study
• Justice and Righteousness
• Obedience and Law
• These are explained in the sacred text of the
  Torah
• Worship in a synagogue

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Torah

• Made up of the first five books of the Old
  Testament
• Tanach- First three parts of writing
• Eight Books- prophets
• 11 books of poetry, songs, stories, lessons,
  Proverbs.

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The Torah