Geotemporal%20aware,%20mobile%20networking%20systems:%20The%20example%20of%20SmartCampus

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Geotemporal aware, mobile networking systems The
example of SmartCampus

• Presented by Starr Roxanne Hiltz, NJIT
• Researchers include Quentin Jones, Constantine
  Manikopoulos, Cathy Dwyer, Eunhee Kim and Maria
  Plummer
• HICSS Socialware Tutorial January 2007

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Outline

• 1. Conceptual foundation P3 systems
• 2. The Smart Campus Testbed
• Hardware
• Software design approach and initial applications
• 3. Semi-structured interviews with prospective
  users methods
• 4. Results

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1. P3-Systems Person to Person to Place

• P3 systems involve the use of mobile devices that
  record location and time, and collect this
  information for use in applications.

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Two Main Types of P3-Systems Interfaces
Place Centered The Marauders Map
People Centered Mrs. Weasley's Clock
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P3-Systems Framework
System Design Approaches System Design Approaches Synchronous Communication or Synchronous Location Awareness Asynchronous Communication or Asynchronous Location Awareness
People Centered Absolute User Location Where is my buddy now? Where has my buddy been?
People Centered Co-location / Proximity Who is close to me now? Who has my geotemporal routines?
Place Centered Use of Physical Spaces by People Who is in this place now? Who uses this place regularly?
Place Centered Interactions in Matching Virtual Places Who can I talk to in this place? What did people have to say about activities in this place?
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Example P3-Systems
LoveGety
HocMan
ActiveCampus Explorer
ULocate
Nokia Sensor
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2. The SmartCampus Initiative

• PIs- Constantine Manikopoulos (ECE) Quentin
  Jones (IS)
• Other Faculty Involved
• B. Amento (IS and ATT), C. Borcea (CS), S.R.
  Hiltz (IS),
• Katia Passerini ( Management)

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SmartCampus is

• A mobile, wireless campus community system that
  will serve as a dispersed laboratory for the
  study of People-To-People-To-Places (P3) Services
  in terms of studies of
• Community building
• Co-ordination of mobile teams
• User privacy personal location data and other
  concerns and
• Security

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SmartCampus Overall Goal

• To improve geographically concentrated social
  connectivity/ capital through the use of our
  People-to-Peopleto-Place (P3) systems.
• We believe that its use can lead to more social
  interaction, more collaborations, and larger and
  more inter-connected social networks, thus
  building the overall strength of community.
• But many potentially negative social impacts as
  well as technical issues are of concern.

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Hardware/ Equipment

• Provisioning 500 students with personal
  computing devices (smart phones and tablet PCs),
  which will run a suite of applications central
  server to run the applications
• Locatability is achieved through a modified
  version of Intels PlaceLabs code, and complete
  WiFi coverage of our campus, which is
  complimented by a small number of WiFi access
  points that do not provide connectivity but
  rather act as beacons to improve location
  accuracy.
• We can now locate within about five feet, show
  the location on a real-time map, and identify a
  place name.

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Initial Client Technologies

• Wi-FiBluetooth enabled - TabletPCs, Notebooks,
  HandComputers locatable from 5-20m indoors and
  outdoors at NJIT.
• PDAs Wi-FiBluetooth and PDA phones
  GSMWi-FiBluetooth
• GSMWi-FiBluetooth SMARTphones locatable from
  5-15m indoors and outdoors at NJIT.
• Wearable Group Heads Up Displays, Twiddlers,
  OQOs, More

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Initial Applications / Systems

• First field site to cover entire design space
• NJITs Active Campus Explorer
• NJITs SmartCampus Web/WiKi
• NJITs CampusMesh
• GeoMemory System
• SmartCampus Middleware
• CampusBorgs
• Security Protection Systems ConexGuard

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Location-aware applications in various stages of
development and deployment include

• NJITs ActiveCampus Explorer (modified from
  UCSD version), which enables map based buddy
  tracking, location aware instant messaging, and
  digital graffiti
• SmartCampus WiKi which provides context aware
  editable web pages about NJIT places, people and
  organizations according to location and season
  via an analysis of wireless access point used and
  DNS lookup
• GeoMemory an in situ multi-media and location
  aware capture tool for mobile phones and
• CampusMesh a location-aware friend-of-friend
  system for social introductions and reminders.

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Some Overall Research Questions

• What kinds of people will want to use these
  applications, and for what?
• What kinds of concerns about privacy and
  interruptions, vs. convenience and benefits? How
  are these related to place, time, and the
  characteristics of the users?

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Completed three rounds of semi-structured
interviews

• Round one, results available and to be summarized
  today based on scenarios- with a cross section
  of 65 students, faculty and staff.
• Round two students, based on working prototype
  of CampusWiki
• Round three faculty, reactions to walkthroughs
  of mockups of Campus Mesh

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Methodology

• The first set of semi-structured interviews were
  conducted with a cross section of representatives
  of types of users (students and faculty and
  staff residents and commuters undergraduates
  and graduates, etc.) during the first few months
  of test-bed development.
• Students in research courses interviewed and
  transcribed
• Thus, the opinions gathered at that time were
  used to influence the features and even the name
  of the systems under development.

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Interview Guide

• At the time of the initial interviews, no
  prototypes were available to present to subjects.
  
• Our aim was therefore not to test core usability
  concerns but rather to derive a general
  understanding of user perceptions
• The interview guide included a brief description
  of the SmartCampus project and a brief
  description of the then hypothetical applications
  being developed for the project. The guide
  presented a brief scenario to illustrate the
  possible uses of each of these hypothetical
  applications.

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(round 1)- Some sample scenarios and questions,
semi-structured interviews

• Jane is working on a group project for her
  graduate course in Management. The group has
  been communicating by email but has a number of
  unresolved issues. Its an hour before class,
  and she wonders if they might already be on
  campus.
• They have all made each other buddies for the
  Campus Explorer System, so when she looks, she
  sees that two out of three are on campus already-
  one in the Library and one in the parking lot.
  She Instant Messages them and they agree to meet
  in Starbucks.
• After talking for a half hour, they have a
  question for the professor Jane checks and he is
  visibly in his office, so they go to talk to him.
  By the time class starts they have been able to
  improve their plans a lot.

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(Questions following the scenario)

• Anticipated use - Do you think you would like to
  use the Active Campus Explorer? (If yes, what do
  you think you would use it for? If not, why not?
  )
• If yes Follow-up/ probes
• What kinds of people do you imagine you would be
  willing to make a buddy who could track your
  location on campus?

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Concerns--

• When you think about the Campus Explorer buddy
  locator system, what kinds of reactions and
  concerns come to mind?
• (Follow up with many probes on each of these and
  finally anything else?)
• PLACE probes
• Are there places on campus where you would not
  like your exact location to be known, even to
  your buddies?
• TIMES probes
• Are there times of the day or week when you
  think you would want to turn off this tracking
  system, or that it should be turned off for the
  whole campus?

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Round one results

• Anticipated use of SmartCampus
• No. of Subjects ()
• CampusWiki - Yes 48 (73.8) No 8 (12.3) Not sure 6
  (9.2) N/A 3 (4.6)
• SmartCampus Explorer 68
• CampusMesh 40

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Coding of Anticipated Benefits

• CampusWiki
• Check campus events (26)
• Exchange information (13)
• Check crowdedness of places (10)
• Explorer
• Find people on campus (30)
• Increase communication channels (5)
• Campus Mesh
• Social networking (16)
• Make friends (8)
• Identify people (7)

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Leading Concerns

• SmartCampus Explorer
• Privacy (37)Interruption (7) Stalking (7)
  Personal security (5) Tracking by (unauthorized)
  others ( 5)
• CampusWiki
• Validity of data (22) Privacy (10)Absence of
  moderation (8) Overload of irrelevant information
  (4)Slander and negative comments (4)
• CampusMesh
• Privacy (10) Intrusiveness (9) Validity of data
  (9) Loss of control (8)

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Privacy concerns

• Big brother (6)
• Identity theft (5)
• Personal information collection (5)
• Mugging (3)
• Different levels of information disclosure (3)
• Stalking (2)

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Examples of big brother quotes

• I dont want a computer knowing everything, and
  I dont know whos looking at this stuff.
  someone else that you didnt want knowing where
  you are, asks your friend who knows where you
  are. (male junior)
• Well, first of all, being tracked all the time
  and knowing where everyone is. Thats a little
  bit of invasion of privacy. (Female Freshman)
• but something out there is still monitoring
  where you are. So yes, I would feel a little
  creeped out or angry if I ever, ever discover
  that that was being used in any unintended
  way. (Hispanic grad student)

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Conclusions

• Even though most prospective users express
  privacy concerns, they nevertheless say they will
  use this type of system.
• Similar results have been found for the use of
  social networking systems with personal
  profiling, such as Facebook and MySpace.