EMC on the Railways: Who and How Tuesday 25th November 2003

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EMC on the Railways Who and HowTuesday 25th
November 2003
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Network Rail EMC Policy

• Maya PetkovaRailway Systems - Acceptance
  Engineering

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Essential Points
The policy shows the various responsibilities and
how, by ensuring good and effective EMC
management and control process within Network
Rail, due diligence is applied to control risk
and where appropriate share responsibility.

• NRs legal responsibilities under the EMC
  Directive is to demonstrate that EMC has been
  considered, is controlled and will be controlled
  throughout the operating life of both old, new
  and future equipment and installation
• NR is responsible for managing the EMC risk to
  the safety of the railway system and to the
  efficient operation of the system through the
  Acceptance process
• NR EMC strategy in procurement.

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Policy statement relating to control and
demonstration of due diligence

• Network Rail takes into service various types of
  electrical power plant, electronic control
  equipment, and information technology equipment
  directly or through subcontractors. The
  individual equipment will be procured and
  installed to conform to the essential protection
  requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
• Dependent upon the specific application and the
  physical location of the equipment, the
  appropriate Product or Generic EMC environments
  will be employed.
• Conformity to the EMC Directive will be
  demonstrated by contractors using the Technical
  Construction File route or by testing to
  standards.
• In order to control this process Network Rail
  will specify EMC requirements in all procurement
  contracts, audit the process including design
  changes throughout the equipment service life and
  maintain adequate records to support this policy.

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EMC Regulations and the Defence of Due Diligence

• General principles of the regulations
• The UK regulations allow the defence of due
  diligence as proof that a company taking
  equipment into service has applied a process and
  taken all reasonable steps, with the supporting
  information that they had at the time of taking
  the equipment into service to assure
  Electromagnetic Compatibility.
• So, what does it mean in respect of Network Rail?

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Extend of the Defence of Due Diligence
Who and How?
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Methodology to provide defence of due diligence

• Infrastructure
• New installations
• Maintenance
• Upgrades and modifications
• Procurement

• Interfaces with Users
• New vehicles
• Modified Vehicles
• Old Vehicles

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New installations

• Routes to satisfy the objectives of the EMC
  Directive
• Testing equipment or systems to the Product or
  Generic EMC Specifications where the emission and
  immunity performance is demonstrated.
• No guarantee that EMC will be achieved in all
  cases.
• Broader view of EMC should be taken to determine
  the electromagnetic environment, the function of
  the equipment and to consider the installation
  aspects.

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Applicability of the EMC Directive to
Installations

• Fixed installations are excluded.
• Any building containing a number of items of
  equipment and or a number of systems becomes an
  installation.
• Conformance is sought by satisfying the
  objectives at sub-system level. The margin of
  acceptability of risk is made by individual risk
  assessments.

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Maintenance

• Maintenance requirements
• range from regular preventative maintenance to
  repairs or replacement of parts of equipment
• differ for equipment critical to safety, safety
  related equipment or equipment not essential to
  either function.
• Specific maintenance instructions advice on EMC
  
• Procedures to allow suitably qualified staff to
  carry out defined types of work. Greater emphasis
  on control of personnel and on modifications to
  the most critical equipment must be provided
  (Part of NRs Signalling Policy).
• Verification of the changes. Use of products
  accepted by NR for this application.

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Upgrades and Modifications

• Hardware upgrades - EMC is considered as part of
  the product application safety case.
• Software upgrades - for safety critical equipment
  the immunity aspects of software must be
  considered.
• All upgrades and modifications - assessed as part
  of the ongoing design evaluation process.

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Approach to the procurement of equipment,
installation and modification

• Conduct analysis to lead onto a definition for
  the procurement specification.
• Consider all of the applications for the
  particular equipment.
• Risk analysis - essential part of any
  procurement.

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EMC Risk Assessment

• Failure to ensure EMC can result in
• - Safety risks due to dangerous failures
• - Commercial risks due to unavailability
• Level of risk depends on
• - Whether risk is safety critical
• - Whether risk is safety related
• Unavailability of system due to EMI must be
  evaluated as a pass/fail criteria against the
  appropriate EN standards and NR EMC Codes of
  Practice
• EN 50121 is not sufficient compliance gives
  only a presumption of conformity with the EMC
  Directive.

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EMC and Safety

• RG Safety Plan Target holistic
• - Risk by entire rail system
• - Not applicable to individual risks or systems
• TSIs apply to individual hazards
• - 10-9/hr (random failure) or SIL4 (systematic
  faults) for one Class A system, apportioned
  equally between trainborne and trackside
  sub-systems
• EMC
• - EMC safety case to consider all coupling from
  DC to 2 GHz as required by GE/RT8015
• - Demonstration of compatibility is pass/fail
  not QRA for all normal modes
• - Numerical targets relate not to EMI itself but
  to the system faults that can cause normal
  levels to be exceeded targets for degraded can
  be linked to the figures in TSIs.

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EMC Requirement Specification

• Specific requirements to be contractually
  delivered to provide evidence of due diligence
• EN Standards on EMC
• Special Requirements (incl. Notified
  Standards)
• Concessions
• Control Plan
• Test Plan
• Test Report
• Technical Construction File (TCF)
• Design Reviews

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EMC Directive in the EMC Safety Cases

• EMC project file and TCF provide input to safety
  case
• EMC in terms of safety is cross referenced from
  TCF
• Professional heads collectively represent NR
• Declaration of conformity with EMC Directive is
  accepted as part of the Safety Case process
• Professional Heads to satisfy themselves that
• Evidence presented is adequate and sufficient
• That standards selected are adequate

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Control and Management of Network Rails Boundary

• With respect of infrastructure NR is fully
  responsible. Proof submitted as part of the
  acceptance process.
• With respect to TOCs
• shared responsibility with NR is respect of BS EN
  50121-3-1. Declaration of conformity from the TOC
  and Network Rail for each type of rolling stock
  taken into service should be completed and held
  by both parties.
• TOCs responsibility to audit the rolling stock
  manufacturer to ensure that EMC has been
  considered and applied in a responsible manner in
  accordance with BS EN 50121-3-2.

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Control and Management of Network Rails Boundary

• Personnel
• Normal railway electromagnetic environment
• Transient fault conditions
• Health hazard due to electromagnetic field
  sources covered by risk assessment.
• RF sources - assurance must be provided by the
  installer of mobile communications base station
  antennas adjacent to the network on Network Rail
  property or mounted on Network Rail buildings
  that no hazards exist.
• Hazards for the mains frequency
• High magnetic fields within trains - these should
  be measured.

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Integration

• Compliance with standards and installation
  guidelines will in the vast majority of instances
  be adequate to ensure EMC.
• Additional testing may be defined because of the
  critical nature of equipment to the safety of the
  network.
• Safety critical equipment - EMC risks should be
  considered for the worst case electromagnetic
  environments to verify acceptable performance.
• specific areas in the network to be considered
  for the integration tests.
• alternative approach as per prEN50238.

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EMC and the Relationship Between Safety Cases
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Conclusions

• The EMC Policy of Network Rail is a live
  document. It shows the various responsibilities
  and how, by ensuring good and effective EMC
  management and control process within Network
  Rail, due diligence is applied to manage risk and
  where appropriate share responsibility .
• Any doubts?