Even Better than the Best Building Ever

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Even Better than the Best Building Ever? The
ZICER and Elizabeth Fry Low Energy Buildings
Keith Tovey M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE Energy
Science Director Low Carbon Innovation
Centre School of Environmental Sciences
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Main Energy Conservation Projects at UEA

• Constable Terrace/ Nelson Court Student
  Residences
• Elizabeth Fry Building
• Combined Heat and Power
• School of Medicine
• ZICER Building
• The Future
• Absorption Chilling

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Constable Terrace - 1993
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Constable Terrace Key Points

• Four Storey Student Residence
• Divided into houses of 10 units each with
  en-suite facilities
• Common Room/ Kitchen for each house
• Each house has a mechanical heat recovering
  Air Handling
• Unit which recovers much of the heat from
  cooking,
• appliance use, body heat etc.
• Fresh Air is fed via the AHUs for heating,
  and additional
• heat is provided electrically
• Individual rooms are provided with small 250W
  panel
• supplementary heaters

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Constable Terrace Key Points

• Constructed in 1992/1993
• 100mm insulation on floor U value 0.18 W
  m-2 K
• Standard U Value at time 0.45 W m-2 K
  (0.25 W m-2 K in 2002)
• Walls 2 leaves of lightweight concrete
  blocks with 100 mineral
• fibre cavity insulation U value (0.22 W
  m-2 K)
• Standard U Value at time 0.45 W m-2 K
  (0.35 W m-2 K in 2002)
• Roof 200 mm insulation U value (0.15 W
  m-2 K)
• Standard U Value at time 0.25 W m-2 K
  (0.16 W m-2 K in 2002)
• Specified pressure test at 50 Pa 1 ach
  0.05 ach _at_ normal pressure
• actual performance 2 ach but much better
  than conventional buildings

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Constable Terrace
Comparison of Constable Terrace with DOE standards
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The Elizabeth Fry Building
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The Elizabeth Fry Building

• Termodeck Construction
• Air is circulated through whole fabric of
  building
• Heated using a normal domestic heating boiler (24
  kW)
• No heat supply needed at temperatures as cool as
  9oC
• Triple glazing with Low Emissivity Glass
  quadruple glazing
• 180 mm insulated cavity
• 300 mm roof insulation
• 100 mm floor insulation
• Air Pressure Test at 50 Pa not to exceed 1.0
  ach
• Actual performance 0.97 ach
• Has deteriorated slightly since 1996
• Uses regenerative Heat Exchangers 85 with heat
  recovery

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Operation of Regenerative Heat Exchangers
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Winter heating Experience shows that slab
pre-heating is usually unnecessary when used
often results in excess heat expelled later in
day by AHUs Summer Cooling Slab temperature gt
2oC above ambient Cool air at night is circulated
around slab to cool building No air-conditioning
required In early years performance was not
optimised In later years energy efficiency has
improve even though air-tightness has
deteriorated
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Energy Consumption in Elizabeth Fry
The performance of the building has improved with
time
Heating provided by domestic sized
boilers. Energy requirement 20 of good practice
for Academic Buildings.
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Elizabeth Fry Carbon Dioxide Emissions and User
Satisfaction
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Elizabeth Fry User Satisfaction
thermal comfort 28 air quality
36 lighting 25 noise
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An energy efficient building reduces carbon
dioxide AND is a better building to work in.
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The ZICER Building
Zuckerman Institute for Connective Environmental
Research

• Follows the tradition of the Elizabeth Fry
  Building
• Uses Termodeck construction
• Draws heat from University Heating Main
• Has a 34 kW array of Photo Voltaic cells on
  top floor and roof

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ZICER Construction
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ZICER Construction
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ZICER Construction
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Installation of Solar Panels
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Projected Performance of ZICER
Elizabeth Fry performance has improved over
years. ZICER will be better and less than 70 of
emissions of mid 90s best practice
building Photovoltaic cells will generate 30
kW and save 20 tonnes CO2 per annum.
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Performance of Elizabeth Fry and ZICER
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UEA Combined Heat and Power Scheme
86 Efficient
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UEA CHP Scheme

• Until 1999 most heat for space heating was
  supplied by large boilers
• Primary main temperature 110 120oC
• All electricity imported
• Energy bill was in excess of 1 million per
  year

• Three 1 MWe generators are now installed
• Provide the majority of the electricity for
  the campus
• Export electricity at periods of low demand
• Waste heat is used a primary heat source
• Supplemented by existing boilers
• CHP has reduced that figure by 400 000 per
  year

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CHP Review
Saving in CO2 emissions as a result of CHP -
4824 tonnes CO2 or 31.9 Equivalent to 2680 hot
air balloons. Note UEA expanded during time
and consumption increased so CO2 savings are
really higher than this.
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CHP Review

• Installation of CHP units reduced carbon
  dioxide emissions by around
• 8000 tonnes or 35.
• Reduced primary heating main temperature gt
  lower distribution losses
• Extends the life of the boiler house plant,

• In summer
• Heat Dump fans must be used to remove excess
  heat
• The heat demand in summer dictates how much
  electricity can be
• generated
• In summer
• Increased demand for cooling of scientific
  equipment
• A 1MW absorption chiller is currently under
  installation

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Absorption Heat Pump
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Concluding Remarks

• UEA has been leading the way with energy
  conservation.
• Technically
• Constable Terrace
• Elizabeth Fry
• ZICER
• CHP
• Absorption Chilling

• CRed is pioneering ways in which to reduced
  carbon dioxide emissions
• Building partnerships
• Education
• Working in an integrated way

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N. Keith Tovey, MA, PhD, C.Eng, MICE Low Carbon
Innovation Centre University of East
Anglia Norwich ?.?.???? ?.?., ?-? ???????????
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