The Investiture Controversy

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The Investiture Controversy
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Emperor Henry III (r. 1039-1056)

• Lay Investiture
• 1046 Council of Sutri
• Leo IX (r. 1049-1056)
• Simony
• Nicolaitism
• The Schism of 1054
• Cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida (c. 1000-1061)
• The Papacy after Henrys Death
• 1059 Papal Election Decree

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Pope Gregory VII (r. 1073-1085)

• Hildebrand
• Radical Reform
• The Imperial Papacy
• Matilda of Tuscany
• Gregory and Philip I (r. 1060-1108) of France
• Gregory and William I the Conqueror (r.
  1066-1087) of England

The Dictates of the Pope
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Emperor Henry IV (r. 1056-1106)

• Dispute over Milan
• Pope threatens to excommunicate Henry
• Jan. 1076 Synod at Worms
• Feb. 1076 Gregory excommunicates and deposes
  Henry
• The Crisis Looms
• Diet set for Augsburg in 1077

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Canossa

• Winter 1076-1077 Henry and Gregory at Canossa
• Rudolf of Rheinfelden (d. 1080)
• The Consequences of Canossa
• Guibert of Ravenna, (anti) Pope Clement III (r.
  1084-1100)

Henry IV and the Abbot of Cluny ask help from
Matilda
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The End of the Controversy

• Investiture in England and France
• St. Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109) and Henry I
  of England (r. 1100-1135)
• Emperor Henry V (r. 1106-1125) and Pope Paschal
  II (r. 1099-1118)
• The Concordat of Worms 1122
• What were the results of the controversy?