Psychology 397C Psychological Measurement and Testing

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Psychology 397C Psychological Measurement and
Testing

• Thursday Lab 1
• Introduction to Research Area

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Interpersonal Theory or Interpersonal Circumplex
Theory

• A theory about personality (trait-based)
• A theory about social interaction
  (situation-based)
• Theories of Personality Describe consistent,
  stable individual differences
• Theories of Social Interaction Describe forces
  at play that lead us to accommodate to those we
  interact with, lead us to modify our typical
  behavior, or make us less consistent

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Interpersonal Theory or Interpersonal Circumplex
Theory

• Consists of two unrelated dimensions
• Y-axis Dominance (Status, Agency)
• X-Axis Friendliness (Affiliation, Communion)

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Dominance dimension
Friendliness dimension
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Interpersonal Theory or Interpersonal Circumplex
Theory

• Interpersonal researchers break this space into
• Quadrants (e.g., Carson, 1969)
• Octants (e.g., Wiggins, 1982)
• Sixteenths (e.g., Kiesler, 1983)
• But most agree there are two main underlying
  dimensions of dominance and friendliness

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Quadrants (e.g., Carson, 1969)
Dominant
Hostile
Friendly
Submissive
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Octants (e.g., Wiggins, 1982)
Dominant
PA
BC
NO
Hostile
Friendly
DE
LM
FG
JK
HI
Submissive
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Sixteenths (e.g., Kiesler, 1983)
Dominant
A
P
B
C
O
D
N
Hostile
Friendly
E
M
F
L
G
K
I
H
J
Submissive
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Interpersonal Theory or Interpersonal Circumplex
Theory

• Interpersonal researchers break this space into
• Quadrants (e.g., Carson, 1969)
• Octants (e.g., Wiggins, 1982)
• Sixteenths (e.g., Kiesler, 1983)
• But most agree there are two main underlying
  dimensions of dominance and friendliness
• Circumplex (circle, prototype, fuzzy set quality)
• Relationship to Big Five (Extroversion is FD to
  HS Agreeableness is FS to HD)

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The Interpersonal Circle (Kiesler, 1983)
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The Interpersonal Circle (Kiesler, 1983)
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The Interpersonal Circle (Kiesler, 1983)
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The Interpersonal Circle (Kiesler, 1983)
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Complementarity

• Tendency to evoke same behaviour (correspondence)
  on affiliation
• Friendliness should pull for friendliness
• Hostility should pull for hostility
• Tendency to evoke opposite behaviour
  (reciprocity) on dominance
• Dominance should evoke submission
• Submission should evoke dominance

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Abnormal Personality

• Inflexibility, rigidity
• Exaggerations, intensifications
• Located on the periphery of the circumplex
• Pulls persistently, consistently, for same
  reaction from others

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