PowerPointPrsentation

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The Alps-Dinarides-Carpathians-connectiona
compilation of tectonic units cooperation with
Bernhard Fügenschuh (Basel-Innsbruck)Kamil
Ustaszewski (Basel)Matthias Tischler
(Basel)Liviu Matenco (Amsterdam-Bucaresti)Ralf
Schuster (Wien) D.Bernoulli (Basel)Wim Spakman
(Utrecht)Eduard Kissling (ETH Zürich) and
numerous other colleagues from Austria, Romania,
Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina
and Serbia
supported by SNF-project Tisza
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for understanding orogeny in the Carpatho-Balkan
area, later affected by Miocene rotations and
translations......
Paleomagnetics Csontos Vörös 2004
European
Mediterranean?
ALCAPA
OCEANIC EMBAYMENT
L. Jurassic fauna Vörös 1992
Balla 1987
TISZA
Mediterranean
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....correlations across the fill of the Pannonian
and Transylvanian basins are needed
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a new compilation of tectonic units
Ophiolites, suture zones
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Schmid et al. 2004
Stampfli Borel 2004
Late Triassic
Mid-Jurassic
northern branch
Late Jurassic
southern branch
Late Jurassic
Late Cretaceous
Late Cretaceous
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• Alps and Western Carpathians ALCAPA

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CRETACEOUS-AGE (EOALPINE) METAMORPHISM
Schuster 2003
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ECLOGITIC EXTRUSION WEDGE BETWEEN UPPER
(SOUTHERN) AND LOWER (NORTHERN) PLATE THE
CRETACEOUS-AGE MELIATA SUTURE?
upper plate
Oetztal-Bundschuh nappe system
Drauzug-Gurktal nappe system
Northern Calcareous Alps
Silvretta-Seckau nappe system
lower plate
Koralpe-Wölz high pressure nappe system
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W-CARPATHIANS JUST AN EASTERN EXTENSION OF THE
ALPS
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Profile Eastern Alps - Transdanubian
Ranges (largely after G. Tari 1994 and G. Wessely
1984)
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Profile West Carpathians (largely after D.
Plasienka et al. 1997, 1999 and Less Mello 2004)
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Possible reconstruction involving out-of-sequence
thrusting nn the Northern Calcareous Alps and the
Meliaticum
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2. THE REAL CARPATHIANS (E AND S CARPATHIANS)
Dacia forms the backbone of the East and South
Carpathians
The Ceahlau ocean was sutured to Dacia during
Early Cretaceous orogeny
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Profile through the East Carpathians
Soft collision of a Cretaceous orogen (Dacia),
including the Ceahlau oceanic Unit, with Moesia
across the Miocene thrust belt
DACIA Bucovinian nappe stack formed in early
Cretaceous times
Ceahlau oceanic suture formed in Cretaceous
Miocene fold-and thrust belt
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Attempts of a plate tectonic reconstruction
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Profile through the South Carpathians
Apuseni and South-Carpathians, as well as South
Carpathians and Moesia, are juxtaposed with
each other across important dextral strike slip
faults South Transylvanian fault Timok fault
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RECONSTRUCTION OF OROCLINAL BENDING IN THE SOUTH
CARPATHIANS
present
Middle Miocene
Lower Miocene
Late Eocene
Latest Cretaceous
BANATITES back arc magmatism of Dinarides
Fügenschuh and Schmid 2005
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Profile through the Serbian-Bulgarian
Carpatho-Balkan
The Mid-Cretaceous E-facing nappe stack of
theCarpatho-Balkan forms the upper plate in
respect to the E-directed subduction of the
W-Vardar which occurred later, i.e. at around
the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
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3. TISZA THE ENIGMATIC BLOCK
Dacia
Tisza
Amalgamation of Tisza Dacia during Turonian
top-NW back thrusting
Tisza
Dacia
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Attempts of a plate tectonic reconstruction
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TISZA A PIECE THAT BROKE OFF EUROPE DURING
MID-JURASSIC TIMES
Mescek Mts. European affinities up to
Mid-Jurassic times then Apulian
Lower Jurassic coal Gresten facies
Late Jurassic radiolarites and Maiolica
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Where Tisza-Dacia meets ALCAPA
Maramures N. Romania
ALCAPA
Tisza-Dacia
Midhungarian Fault Zone
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EASTERN TIP OF ALCAPA THRUSTING OF THE PIENIDES
ONTO DACIA
Pienniny Klippen belt
Kriscevo Piemont-Liguria?
Magura Valaisan?
TISCHLER ET AL. 2006
Early Miocene Basin axis
DACIA BUCOVINIAN NAPPE SYSTEM
Sediment transport within the wege
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EASTERN TIP OF ALCAPA THRUSTING OF THE PIENIDES
ONTO DACIA
PIENIDES ALPINE TETHYS
PhD MATTHIAS TISCHLER 2005
DACIA BUCOVINIAN NAPPE SYSTEM
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4. DINARIDES A new tectonic map based on the
1100000 sheets of former Yugoslavia
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A new profile through the Dinarides
DISTAL PLATFORM INCLUDING MELIATA OBDUCTED BY
OPHIOLITES
PALEOGENE SUTURE
UPPER PLATE
Jadar-Kapaonik block with obducted W-Vardar
Drina-Ivanjica nappe with obducted
Dinaridic ophiolite belt
E-Vardar Transylvanian ophiolites
Carpatho- Balkan orogen Moesia Upper Plate
Sava-belt ophiolites
Prekarst Bosnian flysch
East Bosnian- Durmitor nappe
Dalmatian zone
High Karst
Budva-Cukali Pindos trough
Schmid et al., submitted to Swiss Journal of
Geosciences
EXTERNAL DINARIDIC PLATFORM
INTERNAL DINARIDIC PLATFORM
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External Dinaridic Platform
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Internal Dinaridic Platform
Bosnian flysch of the Pre-Karst zone a Late
Jurassic to Early Cretaceous flysch installed on
the Internal Dinaridic platform, recording
pelagic background sedimentation and shedding
from the obducted Dinaridic ophiolites. 2-phases
of deformation pre-Gosau and post-Gosau
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Late Jurassic wildflysch at the base of the
obducted ophiolites
syn-obduction top WNW- Shearing (Bresovica)
syn-obduction top WNW- Shearing (Zlatibor)
syn-obduction olistostromes (Zlatibor)
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mid-Jurassic metamorphic sole at base,
end-Jurassic coral reefs on top of the obducted
ophiolites
Tithonian coral reef installed onto wildflysch
Ga-amhibolite at met. sole
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MELIATA AND VARDAR PART OF ONE OCEAN ?
Meliata
Vardar
1. Remnants of the Triassic Meliata Ocean are
invariably found within Late Jurassic
accretionary wedges. 2. These accretionary wedges
formed in the footwall of the obducted
Jurassic-age Vardar ophiolites
Intra-oceanic subduction followed by obduction
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Sava belt in N-Kozara (Bosnia) and the Jastrebac
Window (Serbia) expose the suture between
Dinarides and Tisza Carpatho-Balkan
Jastrebac
N-Kozara
Pillow basalts intercalated with pelagic, red
limestones of Upper Campanian to Lower
Maastrichtian age (Karamata el al.
2000). Globotruncanae -gt Lower Campanian (M.
CARON, Fribourg, CH, pers. comm., 2005) N-Kozara
exposes a Late Cretaceous remnant of the Vardar
ocean (Sava belt)
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Polyphase orogeny in the Dinarides
1. Jurassic obduction
2. Early Cretaceous Thrusting, followed by Late
Cretaceous Gosau unconformity
Upper Plate during Paleogene suturing formed by
the Carpatho- Balkan units including the Moesian
plate, and Tisza, respectively
3. Paleogene (Dinaric) orogeny and Suturing
along Sava belt
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Attempts of a plate tectonic reconstruction
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thrusting is polyphase and hence often
out-of-sequence
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Estimating extension amount in Pannonian Basin
based on a crustal thinning factor map
L. Lenkey 1999, PhD thesis VU Amsterdam
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Retrodeformation of post- 20 Ma displacements and
rotations
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Lithosphere-scale processes
High-resolution mantle tomography Lippitsch et
al. 2003
Station distribution
Hypocenters used
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HORIZONTAL SECTION AT 150KM
Adriatic slab
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THE NFP-20 TRANSECT THE ALPINE SLAB
2. LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE OF THE ALPS
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THE EASTERN ALPS TRANSECT THE ADRIATIC SLAB
2. LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE OF THE ALPS
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THE EASTERN ALPS TRANSECT CRUSTAL SCALE PROFILE
AND LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
2. LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE OF THE ALPS
Crustal scale profile by Schuster see Schmid,
S.M., Fügenschuh, B., Kissling, E. and Schuster,
R. (2004). TRANSMED Transects IV, V and VI
Three lithospheric transects across the Alps and
their forelands. In Cavazza W, Roure F, Spakman
W, Stampfli GM, and Ziegler PA (eds) The
TRANSMED Atlas The Mediterranean Region from
Crust to Mantle. Springer Verlag.
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Roll-back and arc formation
3. LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE ALPS-CARPATHIANS-DINARID
ES SYSTEM
Tear propagation
leads to increased
Slab pull..
and, consequently, to increased
roll back
and back arc extension
Wortel Spakman 2000
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LOW RESOLUTION MANTLE TOMOGRAPHY WITHOUT CRUSTAL
CORRECTIONS HORIZONTAL SECTIONS
3. LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE ALPS-CARPATHIANS-DINARID
ES SYSTEM
150 km
100 km
250 km
200 km
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LOW RESOLUTION MANTLE TOMOGRAPHY WITHOUT CRUSTAL
CORRECTIONS CROSS SECTIONS
3. LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE ALPS-CARPATHIANS-DINARID
ES SYSTEM
which slab?
European slab
Adriatic slab
Vrancea slab
Slab graveyard
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3-D MODEL
LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE ALPS-CARPATHIANS-DINARIDES
SYSTEM
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Working hypothesis reversal of subduction
polarity 20 Ma ago
20 ma ago roll-back of European lithosphere
indentation of S.Alps E of Giudicarie line
lateral extrusion of Eastern Alps 190 km N-S
shortening deduced from retrodeformation agree
well with 210 km subduction infered from
tomography
190km
210km
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