MANAGING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

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MANAGINGPRODUCTIONSYSTEMS
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Managing Production Systems

• A project should be worked
• Within schedule
• Within budget
• And safely
• Management has to use the seven resources
  properly
• The ways manufacturing and construction projects
  are managed are very much alike

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Construction Project

• Architects
• Work for the owner
• Choose the shape and form of the building and the
  materials
• Look for the effects of the building on the
  surrounding area --- view, shadow
• Engineers
• Make sure that the building is structurally sound
• Decide the size of the columns and beams
• Often use computer aided design
• They design the major systems of utilities as
• Electrical system
• HVAC system
• Fire detection system
• Plumbing system
• Specialists
• Some specialists work for the owner security and
  communication systems

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Construction Project

• Contractors
• Very small projects may be managed by the owner
• A general contractor takes the overall
  responsibility for a construction project ---
  materials planning, scheduling
• A contract is a written agreement b/w the owner
  and the general contractor
• The contract includes
• Time for completion
• Payments and their procedures
• Responsibility in case of accidents
• Penalties if the job is not finished on time
• A general contractor may have its own employees
  or he can hire subcontractor companies like
• Plumbing
• Masonry
• Carpentry
• A subcontract is an agreement b/w a general
  contractor and a subcontractor

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Construction Project

• Contractors
• Contract extras are the extra payments that will
  have to be paid to the contractor in case there
  are any changes in project details.
• Cost overruns is the cost of poor management or
  the cost of making frequent changes in the design
• Project Managers
• It is a separate company used on a very large
  project
• This company oversees the contracts, scheduling,
  material deliveries and overall progress of the
  job
• They arrange the work of subcontractors so that
  the work progresses smoothly
• They hold meetings with all subcontractors to
  have a plan of work --- coordination
• Unions are the labor organizations that work with
  companies to set pay and working conditions for
  their workers
• Jurisdiction is a carefully described part of the
  work for the members of a union

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Scheduling and Project Tracking

• Gantt chart is a kind of bar graph that shows
  when a particular kind of work is to start and
  when it is to be finished
• Owner, architect, engineers, project managers,
  general contractor, and some of the specialists
  hold project meetings
• Minutes are the written notes that record
  everything important that happens at the meeting
• An action plan is a problem that cannot be solved
  during the meeting

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Permits and Approvals

• Necessary for the workers and the people living
  in the surrounding area --- digging, pedestrians
  etc
• They also protect the health and safety of the
  people who will later occupy the building
• The builder must also have the approval of the
  planning and zoning board
• A communitys zoning is its master plan for how
  land is to be used
• Life safety plans in commercial buildings tell
  how stairways, exit doors from all areas will
  protect people in case of any emergency
• Elevators, fire detectors, fire suppressors (e.g.
  sprinklers) are tested when a building is almost
  finished
• A building may not be occupied until the local
  building department issues a Certificate of
  Occupancy (CO)
• Regular inspections (fire, elevator, health)
  required by law must be done