Electricity Basics Module 1

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(No Transcript)
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Module Overview
Designed By Robert Zuehlsdorf Director of
Facilities and Operations Carl Ruppel Master
Electrician

• This self-paced training program is part of the
  continuing education series that has been
  designed to assist facilities employees in their
  knowledge and understanding of critical building
  systems.
• This module highlights basic electrical systems
  that are encountered at district schools and
  buildings.

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Table of Contents
The following topics are presented in this
presentation. You may click on any link to
navigate to a certain slide. Use the navigation
buttons on the bottom right side of your screen
to navigate the presentation.

• 1. Electrical Safety
• 2. Electrical Distribution
• 3. Outlets and Switches
• Special Equipment
• Lamps and Light Bulbs
• Interior Lighting
• Energy Management

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Electrical Safety
Section Contents Types of Electricity Overloads S
hock Hazards Danger Signs Lock Out
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Electricity Types

• Two Types of Electricity
• AC Alternating Current
• This refers to the type of electrical energy
  which is provided by the generating plant to
  businesses and residences. Examples of AC usage
  are when you plug into an electric outlet or an
  extension cord.
• DC Direct Current
• DC is typically provided by DC Power Supplies
  connected to an AC power source.

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Electrical Overload

• If you overload a circuit, you could damage
  electrical equipment. A 100-Amp flow rate can
  theoretically handle ten 10-Amp electrical
  devices. Plugging in more devices will overload
  the system and could cause
• Tripping of circuit breakers
• Blowing of fuses
• Overheating of wires
• Damage to wire insulation
• Fire

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Wiring

• Proper wiring is one of the most critical steps
  in providing for safe use of electrical
  equipment.
• All wiring to be code approved.

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Electrical Safety
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Electric Shock Hazards
The following conditions could be indicative of a
potential shock hazard

• Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses
• Tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction
  boxes are hot to the touch
• Dim or flickering lights
• Electrical system sizzles or buzzes
• Odor of hot insulation
• Mild tingle from contact with case or equipment
• GFCI shuts off a circuit
• Worn or frayed insulation around a wire or plug
• Burn marks or discoloration on equipment

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Potentially Unsafe Conditions
Damaged Cords
Uncovered Box
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Lock-Out/Tag-Out

• Lock-out/Tag-out refers to the process of
  shutting down and securing a power source so
  equipment may be safely repaired. If power were
  accidentally turned back on, it could be lethal
  for the repair person!
• Maintenance and Engineering staff are the only
  authorized employees to perform a
  lock-out/tag-out procedure.
• Lock-out procedures are printed on the back of
  all work orders.

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Electrical Distribution
Section Contents Types of Services Service
Poles Switchgear Transformers Disconnects Distribu
tion Panels Circuit Labeling
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Electrical Service

• Things You Should Know
• Location
• Where does electrical service enter the
  building?
• Size (Amps)
• How many amps are provided to the building?
• Voltage
• What is the voltage on the line?

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Service Pole
Service to Huntley Elementary
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Main Switchgear
Huntley Elementary
Power In From Pole
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Main Switchgear

• East High School
• 4,160 volts enter the building and are
  distributed throughout the building to provide
  electrical service.

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Pole To Transformer
Typical Pole Voltages
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Pad Mounted Transformer

• Purpose
• Transforms voltage up or down
• Rated in KVA
• (Kilovolt Amperes)

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Service To Building

• Metering Point
• Change in Ownership
• All equipment up to and including the meter is
  owned and repaired by the utility.
• Equipment beyond the meter is the schools
  responsibility.

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Pole Mounted Transformers

• 12,470 volts come into the transformers which
  adjust the electricity down to 120/208 volts

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Main Disconnects

• The handle to the right is pulled down to turn
  off all electrical power that is being fed by the
  panel.

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Main Disconnect Panels

• Instead of a handle, this panel uses a main
  disconnect breaker to shut off all power.
• Always turn off breakers to a circuit before
  working on the circuit. Verify that power is off
  before performing work

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Main Distribution Panels

• After the power enters the building, and is
  transformed to a lower voltage, it is distributed
  via panels to sub-panels, and finally to circuits
  for use.

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Main Distribution Panels
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Sub-Panels

• Electricity is supplied to these sub-panels from
  a main panel.

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Sub-Panel 1 B
Marking All panels are marked with a code so
they can be identified for

• Schematics
• Troubleshooting
• Lock Out

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Circuit Labeling

• Equipment Locations
• Circuit Locations and Outlets
• Sub-Panel Locations

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Circuit Labeling

• Building Engineers required to prepare a building
  schematic with all electrical panel locations
  identified.

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Circuit Labeling

• Marked Outlets
• Specifies which panel is feeding the outlet
• Specifies which circuit breaker in the panel is
  feeding the outlet

Circuit 37 Circuit 39
Panel 14
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Outlets and Switches
Section Contents AC Switch Wiring Single Pole 3
and 4 Way Switches GFCI Outlets Low
Voltage Special Circuits Receptacle
Ratings Purchasing
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Outlets and Switches

• Single Pole
• Three way/Four way switching
• Low voltage, remote control lighting
• Receptacle ratings
• Special circuits Dryers, Ranges 1 or 3 Phase
  Receptacles
• Purchasing

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AC Switch Wiring
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AC Switch Wiring
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AC Switch Wiring
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AC Switch Wiring
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AC Switch Wiring
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AC Switch Wiring
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AC Switch Wiring
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Single Pole Switches
A single pole switch operates one electrical
device (example- a light or fan) from one
location.
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Parts of a Switch

• 120/277 Volt 20 amp Switch S1
• Part No. 1221-1

• Incorrect installation is a code violation
• Switch should be in the upward position when
  on.
• Switch should be in the downward position when
  off.

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Three-Way Switches
A 3-way switch is used to control an electrical
device from two or more locations. (Example- a
light may be turned on or off from two different
switch locations.)
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Three-Way Switches
Here is a typical 3-way circuit in its four
possible positions
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Three-Way Switches

• SPECIFICATIONS
• Single pole and 3 way switch 15A-125V AC
• Screw terminals with ground screw
• Break off tabs for splitting circuits
• Single pole switch operation for one location
• 3-way switch for two locations
• Meets UL 20 and UL 498 requirements

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Three-Way Switches
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Four-Way Switch Connections
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GFCI Outlets
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
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GFCI Outlets
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter Wiring
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GFCI Outlets
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter Wiring When
Single GFCI Feeds Multiple Outlets
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Low Voltage Switches
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Low Voltage Control Wiring
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Special Circuits
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Back of 20 Amp Receptacle

• Use stranded or solid wire

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15 and 20 Amp Receptacles
Example
20 Amp T-Shape Plug
15 Amp Straight Plug
Part No. 5252-I
Part No. 5252-I
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Purchasing Protocols

The AASD has an open purchase account with

• Contract Pricing
• Use Purchase Order
• Free Delivery
• Crescent Electric

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Special Equipment
Section Contents Variable Frequency Drives Hub
Equipment UPS Systems Fiber Optic System
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Variable Frequency Drives
Exterior Cleaning Procedure

• Use vacuum or compressed air on the exterior
  only
• Contact AASD Electrical Department for interior
  cleaning procedures
• No lubricants
• No liquid cleaners
• No water!

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Hub Equipment
Morgan Building Smaller hub versions are at each
school
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UPS Systems

• An uninterruptible power supply, or UPS, provides
  sufficient voltage to continue essential
  functions during a power outage or power
  shortage.
• This system has 4 KVA with Automatic Shutdown.

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Fiber Optic Systems
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Lamps and Light Bulbs
Section Contents Lamp Types Performance
Data Cost Comparisons Ballasts Controllers Motion
Sensors Exterior Lighting Changing Bulbs
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Lamp Types

• Incandescent (Halogen)
• Fluorescent
• HID Mercury
• HID Metal Halide
• HID High Pressure Sodium
• Purchasing Specifications
• HID High Intensity Discharge

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Incandescent Bulbs
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Halogen Bulbs
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Compact Fluorescent Bulbs
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Linear Fluorescent Bulbs
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High Intensity Discharge Bulbs
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Lamp Performance
175 Watt Bulb Example
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Lamp Types Efficiencies
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Light Cost Comparisons
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Lamp Efficacy
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Fluorescent Lighting

• 277 Volts versus 120 Volts
• Types
• Colors
• Controls
• Ballast Wiring

• Benefits of Fluorescent Lighting
• More lights per circuit
• May locate lights a longer distance from the
  electrical source
• Lower installation costs

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Fluorescent Colors

• AASD CCT
• Standard 4100K
• AASD CCI
• Standard 74 85

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Fluorescent Ballasts

• To start a fluorescent light, a high voltage
  (several hundred volts) is needed initially.
  However, once lit, a much lower voltage is
  typically needed to maintain it. (Under 100
  Volts for 30 watts, 100 - 175 volts for 30 watts
  or more)
• For this reason, ballasts are used to provide the
  necessary voltage and heat to start fluorescent
  tubes.

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Ballast Safety

• Remember to unplug all fixtures before working on
  
• them. Iron ballasts are mostly inert when
  unplugged.
• Electronic ballasts can have capacitors which
  remain
• charged after the fixture is unplugged.
• Chemical Phosphors on the inside of fluorescent
  tubes
• are not particularly poisonous. Metallic mercury
  can be
• Toxic and contact should be avoided. If a tube
  breaks,
• clean up the mess and dispose of it properly and
• promptly.
• Cuts Be careful with broken glass. Also take care
  
• around sharp sheet metal.

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Ballast Wiring
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Results of Incorrect Wiring

• Melted Connectors
• Shock Hazard
• Fire Hazard
• Damaged Equipment

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Types of Controllers
Timers Motion Sensors
Photo Eye Apogee Panel
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Motion Sensors

• Power Packs Required

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Motion Sensors

• Blue Control Wire controls output 24volt DC
• Black Control Wire common
• Red Control Wire
• 24 volts positive DC

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Motion Sensor Wiring
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Motion Sensor Wiring
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Motion Sensor Wiring
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Motion Sensor Wiring
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Dual Technology Sensor

• Detector

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Motion Sensors

• Rated for Range and Distance

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Gym/Multi Purpose Room

• Typical Examples
• Voltage 120, 277
• Type Metal Halide (Being Replaced w High Output
  Fluorescent)
• Bases Horizontal, Base up, Base down, Universal
• Size 175, 250, 400
• Controls
• Installation Tips

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Lighting Plans

• Computer designed lighting plans deliver bright,
  even lighting to all areas of a room.

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Bulb Installation Tips

• Use De-OX grease when installing new bulbs.
• De-Ox makes it easier to remove and replace
  bulbs.
• Wear Cotton Gloves.
• Wear Safety Glasses.

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Exterior Lighting

• Wall Pack and Pole Lighting
• How will it be used?
• To light close to a building
• OR
• To cast light away from a building

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Exterior Lighting

• When selecting a lamp size, consider
• Height of pole
• Width of area to be lit
• Application

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Exterior Lighting Controls
Photo Eye Lights go on at dark or with motion
Time Clock Lights go on and off at a set time
Apogee Panel Building Automation Systems
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Changing Bulbs

• Fixture Cleaning on Summer Schedule
• Spray carefully
• Avoid socket and bulb ends
• Remove all moisture
• Group Replacement
• All bulbs will be scheduled for replacement each
  five years
• Replace 1/5 of bulbs per year
• Saves time
• Saves Money

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Changing Bulbs

• Date Marking
• Manufacturer warranties
• Group replacement schedule
• Each Building Engineer is required to have a
  color coded floor plan identifying which 1/5 of
  bulbs are to be changed out in any given year.
  All fixtures will be on a five year replacement
  cycle.
• Lamp Lumen Output

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Interior Lighting
Section Contents Day Lighting Natural
Lighting Retrofits
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Day Lighting

• Benefits of Natural Lighting
• Easy on the eyes
• No Cost
• Energy saving
• Better attention and attendance
• Better learning environment

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Foster Before Sky Lights

• Shadows
• Uneven Distribution

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Foster After Sky Lights

• No Shadows
• Uniform Lighting
• Natural Environment

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Richmond Classroom

• Natural Light

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Lighting Retrofits

• Retrofit means a lighting upgrade.
• A retrofit may result in replacing existing light
  fixtures, improved recycling options for spent
  bulbs, decreased use of electricity, or
  installation of automatic switches to turn of
  lights in unused space.
• Lighting retrofits result in energy savings,
  improved lighting and/or reduced costs.

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Horizons Multipurpose Room

• Before Retrofitting
• Dark
• Uninviting
• Lumens Too Low

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Houdini Gym Before Retrofit

• Before Retrofitting
• Dark
• Uninviting
• Lumens Too Low

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Houdini Gym After Retrofit

• After Retrofitting
• Bright
• Inviting

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Energy Management
Section Contents Energy Costs Reducing Expenses
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Energy Management

• Various Factors Add Up To Total Cost
• District energy use
• District energy budget
• KWH costs
• Demand service charge
• On Peak/Off Peak usage
• Control systems
• Local
• Off Site

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Utility Expense Example
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Natural Gas Use
East High School
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Gas Bills A Large Expense
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Electric Costs
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Utility Expenses
Utility Cost Contribution Per Cluster
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Questions
Section Contents If you have questions about the
proper maintenance of electrical equipment,
please talk to your supervisor. You may also
contact Robert Zuehlsdorf