Should immunization be mandatory to enter public schools

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Should immunization be mandatory to enter public
schools?

• By Heidi Currie, Sam Becker,
• Elysia McKlintoc, Carolynn Pratt,
• Ashley Thoreson, Amy Hander,
• Sydnee Jacobson

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Be Informed!!
www.jbpub.com
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Overview

• How immunizations work
• Requirements
• Benefits
• Contraindications
• Precautions
• Health Promotion

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How immunizations work

• Antigen enters body and effecter cells
  immediately fight the pathogen while memory cells
  are made
• Memory cells protect us from future exposure to
  same antigen faster and stronger
• Vaccines work the same way by stimulating the
  immune system with a particular antigen
  therefore our bodies are protected from future
  exposure

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Types of Vaccines

• Attenuated (weakened live virus or bacteria)
• Ex MMR
• Dead bacteria or altered viruses
• Ex IPV (Inactivated Polio virus)
• Toxoids
• Ex Diphtheria Tetanus
• Parts of bacteria or viruses
• Ex Hib (Influenza)

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Concerns

• Administration of more than 1 vaccine may
  overload the immune system
• Vaccine may spread through the body via
  circulatory system
• People who have been vaccinated may become
  infected with that disease

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Statistics

• WV MS do not allow religious exemptions
• 20 states allow parents to cite personal or
  philosophical objections
• States in the U.S. mandate immunization, or
  obtaining exemption, before children enroll in
  public school

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WA State Requirements

• Hepatitis B Hepatitis A
• Rotavirus Diphtheria
• Tetanus Pertussis
• Pneumococcal Polio
• Measles Mumps
• Rubella Meningococcal
• Haemophilus influenza type B

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Benefits of Immunizations

• Protects children
• Protects community
• Cost-effective

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Benefits for Children and Community

• Immunity toward the disease
• Less susceptibility of an individual in an
  outbreak
• Prevents person-to-person transmission of
  disease

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Benefits Cost-Effective

• Cost of vaccinations outweighs the cost of
  disease treatment
• Ex Hospital visits, medications, tests, missed
  work hours
• Cost for full childhood and adolescent
  immunizations is 1118 per child
• Cost for stepping on a rusty nail without
  tetanus shot 1030

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Contraindications to Mandatory Vaccination

• Side effects
• Some relation to particular diseases
• Immunocompromised individuals
• Ethical/religious reasons
• Misconceptions

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Precautions

• In general, vaccinations should be deferred when
  a precaution is present. However, a vaccination
  might be indicatedbecause the benefit of
  protection from the vaccine outweighs the risk
  for an adverse reaction.
• -Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2006

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General Types of precautions

• Moderate or severe acute illness
• With or without fever
• Recent receipt of antibody-containing blood
  products
• History of Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS)
• Tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine
• Influenza vaccine
• Pregnancy

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Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP)

• Moderate or severe acute illness with or without
  fever
• Temperature of 104º F
• Collapse or shock-like state
• Seizure
• Persistent, inconsolable crying
• History of Arthus-type hypersensitivity reactions

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Health Promotion

• Contact your local health department for
  immunization information
• Visit the WA State Dept Health website
• www.doh.wa.gov/cfh/immunize
• Consult with your health care provider

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Resources

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_policy
• www.mnhealthplans.org/consumers/documents/HowMuchD
  oesItCost2005.doc
• www.immunize.org/catg.d/p3072a.pdf
• http//www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/importance.ht
  m
• http//www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howprotectkids
  .htm
• http//www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.h
  tm
• http//immunizationinfo.org/parents/howvaccines_wo
  rk.cfm
• http//www.pkids.org/immunizations02.php