Emulsion Readout -Present and Future-

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Emulsion Readout-Present and Future-
Toshiyuki Nakano 2008.1.24 Emulsion Workshop,
Nagoya, Japan
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Nuclear Emulsion Film
Very high spatial resolution. Possible to
record MIPs tracks
OPERA film is uniform, refreshable and mass
producible. 100,000m2 are used in OPERA
Protection coat1mm
Emulsion44mm
????? (????)
Film base205mm (TAC)
Cross section
Emulsion44mm
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Digitizing Nuclear Emulsion Films
41012pixel information in 1 film (in
100100cm2, double side coat)
Image sensor
Resolution 512x512 pixels FOV
160x160mm2 Eff. Pixel size 0.3mm
Microscope Z-axis
Image sensor
Objective lens 50x 3mm DOF (effective)
Emulsion (topside) typ. 45-100 mm
Film base 200-800 mm
Nuclear emulsion film
160mm
Emulsion (backside) Typ. 45-100 mm
Grain Density 15 (/45mm), FOGgt3000 grain(/view)
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Repeats in angle space

• Take 16 tomographic images by microscope optics.
• Shift images to aim at specific angle tracks
• Sum up 16 images to examine coincidence.
• Find signal of tracks.

Invented by K.Niwa in 1974
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Early Track Selector in 1985
Established by S.Aoki
Ref . The Fully Automated Emulsion Analysis
System. S. Aoki et al. Published in
Nucl.Instrum.Meth.B51466-472,1990.
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TS 0.0025 cm2/h
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NTS 0.08 cm2/h
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UTS 1 cm2/h
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Evolution of the Scanning Power
Speed in cm2/h
CHORUS
DONUT
OPERA
Our code name (device technology)
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The 1st SUTS (20cm2/h)
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No step and repeat image taking
Overcome the Bottle necks of the image acquisition

• Use Ultra High Speed Camera
• Up to 3k frames per second. Max 90views/sec
  60cm2/h (_at_50x)
• Image taking by follow shot
• No step and repeat operation can avoid a
  mechanical bottleneck.
• FOV displacement and Blur are canceled by moving
  objective lens
• Optimizing Field of View
• 120mm90mm -gt 140mm140mm or more

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Sub-pixel Accuracy High resonant frequency
(fresgt2kHz)
D16.4mm, W13g
Optics Driven by Piezo
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Real-time Image Filtering and Packing Processor
FIR filters
Arrange readout segments to lines
Ring frame buffers
Spatial filter and Pixel Packing
LVDS Camera Interface
Camera In
LVDS Output Interface
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SUTS Track recognition board
Processing speed gt80cm2/h/board
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From Camera Image-Pre-Processor
Rocket IO ?20 4Gbyte/sec
LVDS(31)?2 240Mbyte/sec (2.5 msec/view)
Local Control BUS
MASTER FPGA Reordering Packed Image Controlling
Slaves
Host interface
Block SRAM High band width and Fine
Granularity 21.6GByte/sec or more
32bit Bi-directional FIFO
SLAVE FPGAs Calculating Overlayed
Image 0.125msec/view/angle/FPGA
Power PC 405 ?2 Control and Clustering
S-UTS Track Recognition Block diagram (revised)
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S-UTS data flow
150 300MB/s
1.3GB/s
High Speed Camera 3,000 frame/s
Front end image processor Zero suppression, pixel
packing
Track recognition
210MB/s
PC
PC
210MB/s
0.1MB/s
Raw data
Data Base
Temporary storage
Alignment and Connect tracks
Physics Analysis
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Outputs of S-UTS 140 Million tracks
10cm
12.5cm
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Efficiency _at_50views/sec, 35 objective lens
SUTS-3 72cm2/h
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Micro track angle resolution
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Reproducibility of Base Track Angle
2.1mrad/?2
3.7mrad/?2
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Efficiency _at_50views/sec, 28 objective lens
Limited by processing power
Under tuning
SUTS-3 121cm2/h
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Micro track angle resolution SUTS-3
35
28
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Prospects for improvements of SUTS

• Enlarging FOV
• 28x is under tuning. 121cm2/h will be possible.
• Shorten repetition time
• 50views/s w 35x, 60view/s w 50x. Imager accept
  up to 90views/s.
• Bidirectional scanning to increase effective
  speed.
• 8 sec/line to scan, 3 sec to return back to the
  next line. 55cm2/h 72cm2/h ? h 76

A factor of 2-3 improvement is expected
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Evolution of the SUTS
Speed in cm2/h
In tuning phase
In practical use
VERSION of SUTS
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Concept to the next evolution of emulsion
scanning.
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Pricing varies depending upon specifications and
options ordered, but ranges between 3.5M and 4M
The EX-F1 will be available from March 2008
priced at 999.99.

1 film/min
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IC-Stepper (Lithographic system)
Resolution 350nm or better NA 0.63 Exposure
light source i-line (365nm) Reduction
ratio 15 Exposure field 22mm square to 17.9
(H) ? 25.2 (V)mm Alignment accuracy 40nm or
better 
It is possible, by stepping only 5?6 times, to
cover entire sheet with enough resolution.
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Giga Pixel Imaging System

• Requirements
• Total number of pixels should be ten to the
  ninth power
• To cover 20mm?20mm in 0.5mm pitch, it needs
  40k?40k pixels.
• The frame rate should be 12fps in average.
• Pixel rate becomes 20Gpixels/sec

It is possible by employing a mosaic imager
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Giga Pixel Imaging System (2)

• IMX017CQE (SONY) is a good candidate of this
  purpose
• Pixel size 2.5mm
• Resolution 28802160
• Frame rate 60fps
• Pixel rate 373Mpixel/s

is priced at 999.99
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Speed and Coverage of Mosaic Imager
Effective FOV 21.5520.9 mm20.28
(14501100mm280) Effective pixel
size 0.5mm Repetition time 1.5 sec
/16depth/fullarea (4 steps/view) Max. scan
speed 12000cm2/h (150cm2/h80)
?20mm
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Possibility of track recognition part

• An SUTS processor can perform 100cm2/h
• ? Its is possible, with 120 boards, to process
  emulsion images taken by this optics.
• According to Moores law, we can expected much
  better computing technology, which is lower cost,
  smaller profile and low power consumption.
• SUTS processor is based on 0.13um process. Since
  0.065um process is popular now, ¼ foot print and
  2 times faster speed a unit will be possible.

Its NOT a problem.
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Summary

• A scanning speed of 72cm2/h has been achieved
  in practical use. 121cm2/h version is under
  tuning phase.
• It is possible, with the popular technologies,
  to achieve a scanning speed up to 1 film per
  minute.

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