E-bombs, Gravity and Particle Accelerators

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E-bombs, Gravity and Particle Accelerators

• Nature of Code / ITP
• October 2, 2006
• Michael Ang, Heather Dewey-Hagborg, Chris
  Kucinski, Jadie Oh, Roy Vanegas

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Electronic Warfare
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Electronic Warfare

• is the use of the electromagnetic spectrum to
  deny its use by an adversary. -wikipedia.org

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Electronic Warfare

• is the use of the electromagnetic spectrum to
  deny its use by an adversary. -wikipedia.org
• Employs technology to interfere or jam an
  adversarys communications system

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Electromagnetic Bombs, or E-Bombs
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Electromagnetic Bombs, or E-Bombs

• A form of electronic warfare

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Electromagnetic Bombs, or E-Bombs

• A form of electronic warfare
• Employs electromagnetic force, one of the four
  fundamental forces

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The Vircator

• Virtual Cathode Oscillator

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The Vircator

• Virtual Cathode Oscillator
• Most popular of the various HPM, or high-powered
  microwave, devices

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The Vircator

• Virtual Cathode Oscillator
• Most popular of the various HPM, or high-powered
  microwave, devices
• Vacuum tube

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The Vircator Deployed in a Bomb

• Wide lethal range

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The Vircator Deployed in a Bomb

• Wide lethal range
• Its electromagnetic pulse can be generated
  without the need for a nuclear explosion

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The Vircator Deployed in a Bomb

• Has the ability to render useless any electronic
  equipment exposed to its pulse

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Defending Against The Vircator And Other HPM
Devices

• The Faraday cage

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Defending Against The Vircator And Other HPM
Devices

• The Faraday cage
• Prevents the electromagnetic field from gaining
  access to protected equipment

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Vulnerability of The Faraday Cage

• Protected equipment must be linked with the
  outside world data and power

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Vulnerability of The Faraday Cage

• Protected equipment must be linked with the
  outside world data and power
• Data fiber optics power ongoing problem

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Gravity

• Newtonian Gravity

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Gravitational Attraction of the Earth

• Object with weight fall down to the Earth
• Reason for the existence of the Earth, the Sun,
  and other celestial bodies
• Responsible for keeping the orbits for planets

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Newtons Law of Gravitation

• F the magnitude of the gravitational force
  between the two point masses
• G the gravitational constant
• m1 the mass of the first point mass
• m2 the mass of the second point mass
• r the distance between the two point masses

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Object Falling Down

• The closer the object is to the Earth, the
  stronger the gravity is.

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An example of a sports using gravity and
acceleration
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Problems with Newtonian gravity

• Describes gravity as an instantaneous force
  (violates speed of light)
• Difference between predicted behaviour and
  experimental observation of precession of
  Mercurys orbit

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General Relativity
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• Published by Einstein in 1915
• Gravitation is not a force but curvature of
  spacetime

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Spacetime

• Matter determines how space curves
• Curved space determines how matter moves.

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Spacetime

• 4-dimensional combination of 3D space time
• Curvature produced by mass, energy and momentum
• Cant think of time as independent from space and
  motion

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Some predicted effects

• Gravitational time dilation
• Time runs slower in a deep gravity well
• Confirmed by experiment
• Gravitational lensing
• Light bends in gravity well

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More predicted effects

• Expansion of the universe
• Einstein didnt believe,added cosmological
  constant fudge factor (similar to previous
  factors added to Newtonian gravity)
• Later confirmed by Edwin Hubble!
• Black Holes
• - Einstein didnt believe in them

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Status

• Passes experimental tests given to it
• More advanced tests in progress
• Black holes still feel problematic
• Doesnt talk about quantum effects
• Best so far but there will be better!

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Loop Quantum Gravity

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Quantum Mechanics

• Study of the very small
• Matter and energy quantized
• Discrete packets quanta

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The Problem

• Nothing about the structure of matter
• Nothing about how gravity is generated
• Global not local
• Black holes, the big bang

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Loop Quantum Gravity

• Attempts to reconciles QM, GR
• Alternative to string theory
• Quantum space is granular, 10-35 meters
• Spacetime links connecting these chunks

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Loops

• Links form braided loops
• Loops are elementary particles

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Twists determine charge

• Each twist 1/3 electron charge
• Clockwise negative
• Counter-clockwise positive
• Electron 3 clockwise twists
• Positron complement

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The Universe

• Turbulent, fluctuates 10-44 seconds
• A giant quantum computer
• The chunks are qubits
• Qubits preserve braids

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Space does not exist

• Space is a web of information
• Humans are mere tangles
• No fundamental building blocks
• Matter emerges as network of relationships
• Loops not in space, loops are space
• Requires new quantum theory without background

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Particle Ac c e l e r a t
o r

• Generally relate to the weak and strong nuclear
  and electromagnetic interactions.
• Generate and accelerate sub-atomic particles
  close (gt99.99999) to the speed of light
• Smash them into fixed targets or other particles
  to generate significant energy densities
• Gather data about which particles were generated
• Optional - repeat experiment, shooting G.I. Joes
  with particles

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Interactions table
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particlesaksdfjhalsd
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Types of Accelerators

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Argonne National Laboratory, near Chicago,
Illinois
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Linac, Cyclotron, Storage Ring, and Experiment
Halls
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Hydrogen Bubble Chamber
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LEP at CERN
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OPAL Calorimeter
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DELPHI TPC
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Muon Detector
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Experiment Conditions

• Gravity acting on experiments
• Times of day
• Seasons
• Times of day 2
• Mass in volts!
• Emc2
• an electron and a positron, each with a mass of
  0.511 MeV/c2, can annihilate to yield 1.022 MeV
  of energy.
• 1 GeV/c2 1.7831027 kg
• Concrete
• 0.2mm change
• Electricity
• Advanced Photon Source at Argonne requires 18
  megawatts of electrical power

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Experiment Findings

• The energy density attained at LEP corresponds to
  a temperature of one trillion degrees, 1015K
• Universe took only a tenth of a billionth of a
  second, 1010s, to "cool" to this temperature
• Evolution of the Universe since 1043 seconds
  after it began
• Particles of matter and antimatter
• Existed in equal amounts
• Constantly annihilating to produce radiation and
  being recreated from that radiation.
• Universe was opaque
• All the fixins for a Blackhole
• Not possible due to Hawking Radiation (??)
• Cosmic Rays

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Serious Names

• Microtron
• Advanced Photon Source
• Spallation Neutron Source
• Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Super Photon Ring

• Cyclotron
• Synchrotron
• Synchrocyclotron
• Betatron
• Bevatron

• 1940 University of Illinois accelerator naming
  contest entries
• Inductron
• Rheotron
• Ausserordentlichhochgeschwindigkeitelektronenentwi
  ckelndenschwerarbeitsbeigollitron
• (German for "extraordinarily high-speed electron
  generator, hard work by golly-tron)
• Bevatron

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E-bombs, Gravity and Particle Accelerators

• Q A

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References E-Bomb

• http//science.howstuffworks.com/e-bomb1.htm
• http//www.globalsecurity.org
• http//www.wikipedia.org
• http//www.answers.com
• http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/
  funfor.html
• The Economist, 30 January 2003
• The Electrical Nature of Storms, Donald MacGorman
  and W David Rust

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Names Loop Quantum Gravity

• Abhay Ashtekar http//cgpg.gravity.psu.edu
• Lee Smolin http//www.qgravity.org/
• Carlo Rovelli http//www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/rovelli/
  
• Sundance Bilson-Thompson
• Fotini Markopoulou
• David Kribs http//www.uoguelph.ca/dkribs/

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References Particle Accelator

• http//particleadventure.org/particleadventure/ind
  ex.html
• http//keyhole.web.cern.ch/keyhole//main/Main_Scre
  en.html
• http//www-elsa.physik.uni-bonn.de/accelerator_lis
  t.html
• http//www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/index.ht
  ml
• http//pdg.lbl.gov/fireworks/intro_eng.swf
• http//www.cerncourier.com/main/article/44/9/22
• http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/
  funfor.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Electron_Positr
  on
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeV

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E-bombs, Gravity and Particle Accelerators

• Nature of Code / ITP
• October 2, 2006
• Michael Ang, Heather Dewey-Hagborg, Chris
  Kucinski, Jadie Oh, Roy Vanegas