INTEGRATED PEST MANANGEMENT

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INTEGRATED PEST MANANGEMENT

• What is IPM?
• IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests
  by combining biological, cultural, physical and
  chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic,
  health and environmental risks.

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How do IPM programs work?

• Set Action Thresholds
• point at which pest populations conditions
  indicate that pest control action must be taken.
  Sighting a single pest does not always mean
  control is needed.

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   Monitor and Identify Pests

• Not all insects, weeds, and other living
  organisms require control.
• Some organisms are beneficial.
• This monitoring and identification removes the
  possibility that pesticides will be used when
  they are not really needed.

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Prevention

• To prevent pests from becoming a threat.
• Using cultural methods.
• Rotating between different crops
• Selecting pest-resistant varieties.
• Planting pest-free rootstock.
• Intercroping.

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Control

• Once monitoring, identification, and action
  thresholds indicate that pest control is
  required, and preventive methods are no longer
  effective or available, IPM programs then
  evaluate the proper control method both for
  effectiveness and risk.

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Mechanical controls

• Hand-picking
• Using insects traps.
• Vacuuming
• Tillage to disrupt breeding

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Plants to regulate insect pests

• Olfactory inhibitors odors that confuse and deter
  pests.
• Acting as trap.
• Serving as nursery plants for beneficial insects.
  
• ExampleSoldier beetle which is frequently found
  on flowers as an adult, but whose larvae eat
  aphids, caterpillars, and grasshopper.  

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Biological controls

• Natural biological processes and materials can
  provide control, with minimal environmental
  impact, and often at low cost.
• Beneficial insects that eat target pests.
• Beneficial bacteria or fungi.
• Botanical pesticides.

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Beneficial Insects

• Predatory mite feeding on immature insect
• Multicolored Asian lady beetle eating a winged
  soybean aphid.

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

• How it worksBt must be eaten by a susceptible
  insect in order to be effective.
• The microorganism produces endotoxin.
• The insect ceases to feed and dies within a few
  days.

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Botanical Pesticides

• Botanical pesticides are derived from plants
  which have been shown to have insecticidal
  properties.
• Nicotine is extracted from the tobacco plant.
• Rotenone is a natural substance taken from the
  stems and roots of certain tropical plants as
  Jewel Vine or Flame tree (Derris Spp.), Lacepod
  (Lonchocarpus spp.), and hoary pea (Tephrosia
  spp.).
• Pyrethrins are extracted from the seeds of a type
  of chrysanthemum.
• Flavonoids or alkaloids are extracted from plants
  as horse tail (Equisetum leavigatum).

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Neem (azadirachtin)

• How it works
• - Azadirachtin, acts as an insect growth
  regulator.
• - It has anti-feedant and oviposition deterrent
  properties.
• - Azadirachtin prevents insects from molting
• - Volatile compounds.

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OMRI

• The Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) is
  a national nonprofit organization that determines
  which input products are allowed for use in
  organic production and processing.
• Approved products may be used to certified
  organic under the USDA National Organic Program.

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• Copper
• Downy Mildew, Early Blight, Late Blight,
  Anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot, Bacterial spot
  
• Onion, Peppers, Potato, Spinach, Tomato
• OMRI Listed
• Sulfur
• Powdery Mildew, Rusts, Leaf spots
•  Most crops
• OMRI Listed
• Sesame Oil
• Nematodes
• All crops
• OMRI Listed.

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Plants Resistance to Pests

• Host plant resistance
• - Physical Hairiness of leaves and stem
  lignification.
• - Chemical Alkaloids, glucosinolates, terpenoids
  or polyphenols.
• Induced plant resistance
• - PathogensAnthracnose of cucumber,fusarium wilt
  and halo blight mixed, added with Bacillus sp.
  Reduce cucurbitacin content. This reduce feeding
  by cucumber beetles.
• - Compost microorganisms in compost may also
  control diseases by competing with the pathogen
  for food or by producing compounds that kill the
  pathogen.

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Control of (Phytophtora infestans) with Biocides
in Tomato Plants

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Horsetail Charara
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Manure solution PE/411Manure solution
PE/83Charara Ch/43.3Charara
Ch/87.33Horse tail CC/42.36Horse
tail CC/82.33
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Horse tail CC0.733Manure solution
PE0.383Charara Ch0.303