SAFID CONFERENCE2008 Presentation By: Eric Ofosu Antwi

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SAFID CONFERENCE-2008Presentation By Eric
Ofosu Antwi

• Institution
• PhD Student, UNESCO-IHE, Holland

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TOPIC

• Characteristics of Small-Scale Irrigation
  Technologies in the White Volta sub-basin, Ghana

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Content

• Introduction
• Objective
• Description of Study Area
• Definition of Irrigation Technologies
• Description of Irrigation Technologies
• Data Collection/Analysis
• Discussion of Results
• Conclusion
• Recommendations

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Introduction

• 60 of Ghanas GDP is from Agriculture
• Objectives of the Poverty Reduction Strategy
  (GPRS II) of Ghana (2004-2007) includes Poverty
  Reduction through the progressive development of
  small-scale irrigation agriculture to be managed
  at the community level.

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Introduction (contd)

• Since 1957 the Government of Ghana has been
  constructing water storage facilities for
  irrigation and drinking water purposes.
• Currently there are two large dams, 156 small
  reservoirs and 73 dugouts in the Upper East
  Region of Ghana.
• The prospects of Horticultural Production
  continues to trigger other forms of Irrigation
  Technologies in the White Volta.
• The prevailing irrigation technologies include
  small reservoirs, large reservoirs, temporal and
  permanent shallow wells, riverine alluvial
  dugouts, riverine water.

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Research Objective

• What are the characteristics of irrigation
  technologies in the White Volta basin and how can
  they be developed to reduce poverty in the
  sub-region and also ensure efficient, sustainable
  and equitable use of water in the basin.

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Study Area
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Selected Catchments
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What is Irrigation Technology?

• Irrigation Technology is the means by which water
  is abstracted/diverted from a water source,
  transported/conveyed and applied on the farm.
• There are different irrigation technologies as a
  result of different water sources and different
  technologies used in abstraction, transportation
  and application.

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Irrigation Technologies in the White Volta
Sub-Basin

• Water Storage Methods
• Water Abstraction Application Methods

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Small Large Reservoirs
Canal and Furrow for water transport
Irrigable Area

• Cultivable area for small reservoirs range from
  8ha to 20ha (average of 12ha)
• There are two large reservoirs in the Upper East
  with Tono having cultivable area of 3000ha and
  Vea having 850ha

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Temporal and Permanent Shallow Wells
Temporal Shallow Well with Hip-pump
Permanent Shallow Well

• Most farmers using shallow wells have three to
  four wells per quarter acre (0.1ha) of farmland
• Permanent wells are mostly one per farm with farm
  sizes being about quarter of an acre. Most
  permanent well farms are fenced and maintained
  throughout the year.

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Riverine Water Dugouts
Riverine Dugouts
Riverine Water

• The water in the river happens to be the excess
  water from upstream releases (from large dams)
  and return flows from farms
• Dugouts are shallow wells of irregular size shape
  and depth located in the river channel. Farmers
  dig about three to four of this per half acre of
  farmland for irrigation

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Data Collection
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Data Analysis
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Range of Farm Sizes per Irrigation Technology
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Seasonal Expenditure on Water
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Water Consumption (2006/2007)
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• Percentage Cost Components of Irrigation
  Technologies

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Economic Yield of Tomatoes for 2006-2007
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Income-Expenditure Analysis for Tomato Cultivation
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Irrigation Technologies in Relation to Poverty
Reduction/Gender Balance
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Conclusion

• The Productivity of Irrigation Technologies in
  tomato cultivation for 2006/2007 was heavily
  affected by lack of market, resulting in a heavy
  loss for farmers, especially those with
  relatively large farms and located in densely
  cultivated areas.
• Shallow wells users, consume three times the
  water used by pump irrigators. There is the need
  to educate shallow wells users on crop water
  requirements and also improve water application
  method.
• Technologies which favor larger cultivable areas
  employ more labour thereby producing more
  employment and reducing poverty, but on the other
  hand they have relatively low women participation.