Cardiac Emergencies and AED Skills

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Cardiac Emergencies and AED Skills
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The Cardiac Chain of Survival

• Early recognition of the emergency and early
  access to EMS
• Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
• Early defibrillation
• Early advanced medical care

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Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack

• Persistent chest discomfort, pain or pressure
  that lasts longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or goes
  away and comes back.
• Discomfort, pain or pressure in either arm, back
  or stomach.
• Chest discomfort, pain or pressure that spreads
  to the shoulder, neck, jaw or arms.
• Shortness of breath or trouble breathing.

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Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack (cont.)

• Nausea or vomiting.
• Dizziness, light-headedness, loss of
  consciousness or fainting.
• Pale, ashen, grayish or bluish skin.
• Sweatingface may be moist or person may be
  sweating profusely.
• Denial of signs or symptoms.

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Care for a Heart Attack

• Immediately summon advanced medical personnel.
• Have the victim stop what he or she is doing and
  rest.
• Loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing.
• Closely monitor the victim until advanced medical
  personnel arrive.
• Notice any changes in the victims appearance or
  behavior.
• Comfort the victim.

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Care for a Heart Attack (cont.)

• If medically appropriate and local protocols or
  medical direction
• permit, give aspirin if the victim can swallow
  and has no known contraindications.
• Assist the victim with his or her prescribed
  medication and give emergency oxygen, if it is
  available and you are trained to do so.
• Be prepared to give CPR or use an AED.

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Cardiac Arrest

• What is it and when does it occur?
• Signs and symptoms
• Unconsciousness
• No movement or breathing
• No pulse
• Care
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillation

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CPR
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CPR

• Combination of rescue breaths and chest
  compressions.
• Circulates blood containing oxygen to vital
  organs, increasing victims chance of survival,
  until advanced medical personnel arrive.
• CPR increases the likelihood that successful
  defibrillation can be delivered to a victim of
  sudden cardiac arrest, especially if more than 4
  minutes have elapsed since the victims collapse.
  
• Must be performed on a firm, flat surface.

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If no response, activate EMS
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Hand Placement

• Center of chest
• Fingers off of the chest

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Do 30 Compressions
Rate 100 per minute
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Do 30 Compressions
Rate 100 per minute
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Do not tilt head as far back as adult
Give 2 Slow Breaths
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If no response, Activate EMS
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Do 30 compressions
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Give 2 Slow Breaths
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CPR - Adult

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CPR - Child

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CPR - Infant

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Two-person CPR
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Two-Rescuer CPR

• What is the job of the first rescuer?
• What is the job of the second rescuer?
• To signal for a position change, the second
  rescuer calls Change instead of 30 (for an
  adult) and 15 (for a child or infant).

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Two Rescuer Adult and Child
If no response, activate EMS and get AED
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Do 30 Compressions
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Give 2 Slow Breaths
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Change position every 2 minutes Compressions
calls for the switch
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Give 2 Rescue Breaths
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Get AED
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Two-rescuer Adult

• 30 compressions
• 2 breaths

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Two-rescuer Child

• 15 compressions
• 2 breaths

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Two-rescuer Infant

• 15 compressions
• 2 breaths

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Hand Position for Compressions
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15 Compressions
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2 Breaths
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Change Position

• Change every 2 minutes
• Compressions calls for the change
• Give 2 breaths
• Switch positions
• Begin compressions

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2 Person CPR - Adult

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2 Person CPR - Child

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2 Person CPR - Infant

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AED
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Introduction to AED

• Most cardiac arrests occur away from the
  hospital.
• Early CPR can help a cardiac arrest victim.
• An electrical shock (defibrillation) is needed to
  correct the problem. The sooner the shock is
  administered, the greater the victims chance of
  survival.
• Early defibrillation is the third step in the
  Cardiac Chain of Survival.

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When the Heart Stops

• Disease or injury can disrupt the hearts
  electrical system.
• Defibrillation is intended to disrupt the
  abnormal activity of the heart.
• V-tach and V-fib are two of the most common
  treatable abnormal heart rhythms.
• Cardiac arrests can also occur in children.

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Using an AED

• Turn on the AED.
• Wipe the victims chest dry.
• Attach the pads (use pediatric pads for
  children).
• Plug the connector into the AED, if necessary.
• Make sure no one, including you, is touching the
  victim.
• Push the analyze button if necessary.
• If a shock is advised, push the shock button.

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What precautions should you take when using an
AED?
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AED - Adult

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AED - Child

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