INTERPRETATION OF LAB' REPORTS

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INTERPRETATION OF LAB. REPORTS

• This lecture is dedicated to one and only Dr
  VASANTH KUMAR

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HAEMATOLGY

• HB Not reliable in acute haemorrhage
• IF LOW
• Peripheral Smear
• Microcytic hypochromic
• Macrocytic
• Normocytic
• Reticulocyte count
• Coombs Test

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Leucocyte Count

• Leucocytosis
• Leukemoid Reaction
• Leukopenia

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EOSINOPHILIA

• ALLERGY Common cold to Asthma
• PAN SLE Lymphoma
• Infestations
• Tropical Eosinophila

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PLATELETS

• ITP
• SLE , VIRUS DENGUE CHIKUNGUINEA
• APLASTIC ANEMIA
• DIC
• MALARIA

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E S R

• Elevated malignancy-lymphoma,myeloma,collagen
  disease,renal disease TB
• Macrocytosis, hypercholesterolemia,drugs like
  theophilline, methyl dopa increase ESR
• Polycythemia, abnormal RBCs,microcytocis
  decrease ESR

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DIABETES MELLITUS

• Fasting plasma glucose gt126mg
• Random plasma glucose gt 200mg
• One abnormal value in symptomatic
• Two values in asymptomatic
• IGT FBS 110-126mg RBS 140-200
• Glucose tolerance test
  
• 2 Hour post 75 gm glucose gt 200mg

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GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

• Screening One hour post 50 gm glucose value
  gt130mg/dl
• DiagnosisAfter 100mg of Glucose
• Fasting gt 95mg
• 0ne Hr gt180mg
• 2 Hr gt155mg
• 3Hr gt 140mg Two or more values
  equaling or exeeding diagnostic of gestational
  diabetes mellitus
  
  
  

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DIABETES MELLITUS Follow up

• GLYCOSYLATED HB lt7
• Acceptable level 90-130mg before meals and
  overnight fast
• No higher than 180mg 1hr and 150 mg after 2hr
  after meals
• U RINE Microalbuminuria, albinuria
• Ketone bodies if blood
  sugar is high

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LIVER FUNCTION TEST

• Bilirubin Normal Total 0.1 1.2mg
• ALT(SGPT) 7-56units/l
• AST(SGOT) 0-35U/l
• SAP 41-190u/l
• Serum Protein T 6-8gm/dl Albumin
  3.4-4.7gm
• Prothrombin Time

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LFT INTERPRETATION

• High Bilirubun (Direct) High SGOT SGPT Indicates
  Hepatitis
• High Bilirubin high SAP suggestive of obstructive
  jaundice
• High bilirubin(indirect) normal or near normal
  liver enzymes point to haemolytic jaundice or
  Gilberts, Criggler Najjar syndrome In former
  reticulocyte count will be high

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RHEUMATOLOGICL INVESTIGATIONS

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• 1. Rheumatoid Factor Positive in
  70-80 of RA .May be positive in other autoimmune
  disorders,chronic hepatitis C syphilis and
  tuberculosis etc.
• 2.Anti.citrullinated peptides have
  better sensitivity.
• RF may be positive in normal population
  more in elderly.
• RF titres are not of prognostic value.
• Rheumatic Fever Increased ASO titre does not
  alone make the diagnosis

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Infective Disorders

• HIV Elisa 50 positive in 22 days,95 in 6
  weeks after transmission. May be false positive
  in autoimmune disorders
• Western Blot test
• Rapid antibody test
• CD4 Count

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Tuberculosis

• Sputum AFB 3 samples
• Sputum culture conventional Bactec
• X ray Chest.
• Serous fluid analysis , Biopsy
• Urine, serous fluid or tissue AFB

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Other

• TYPHOID Blood culture
• Leptospirois MAT, ELISA in 7-10 days IgM
  EIA positive within 2 days