ADDITIVES

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ADDITIVES

• J.S. WIGAND, Ph.D., MAT
• SMOKE-FREE KIDS, Inc.

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CIGARETTE DESIGNBLENDED

• FILTERED
• CELLULOSE ACETATE
• CELLULOSE ACETATE /w CHARCOAL
• NON-FILTERED
• ROLL YOUR OWN

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CIGARETTE DESIGN COMPONENTS

• FILTER
• FILTER PLUG
• CELLULOSE ACETATE
• CELLULOSE ACETATE/CHARCOAL
• POROUS PLUG WRAP
• TIPPING PAPER
• TOBACCO ROD COLUMN
• TOBACCO/TOBACCO DERIVED MATERIAL
• COLUMN PAPER WRAPPER
• PACKAGING
• SOFT PACK/BOX
• INNER FOIL LINER
• OUTER CUPROPHANE WRAPPER
• GRAPHICS

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TYPICAL K/S CIGARETTE

• OVER LENGTH 85 mm
• TOBACCO COLUMN 65 mm
• FILTER 20 mm
• CIRCUMFERENCE 25 mm
• NUMBER of PUFFS 8-10
• TOBACCO COLUMN MASS 750 mg
• NICOTINE by WEIGHT 2-3

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BLEND COMPONENTSNON-MENTHOL MENTHOL

• US BLENDED
• BURLEY- HIGH NICOTINE (w/w)
• FLUE CURED-HIGH SUGAR (w/w)
• ORIENTAL-AROMATIC COMPONENTS
• OTHER TYPES OF TOBACCOS
• ADD-ONS
• WTS
• SDS
• ET
• RECON
• RECLAIM
• SHORTS

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OTHER TOBACCO PRODUCTS

• PIPE TOBACCO
• MOIST SNUFF
• DRY SNUFF
• CHEWING TOBACCO
• PLUG TOBACCO

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CIGARETTE ADDITIVES

• ADDITVES
• 10 w/w
• SUGARS
• FLAVORANTS
• HUMECTANTS
• AMMONIA (X)
• RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO (RECON)
• 20-28 w/w
• GUMS
• FIBERS
• HUMECTANTS
• AMMONIA (X)

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TOBACCO ADDITIVES

• PROCESSING AIDS
• ADHESIVES
• REINFORCING FIBERS
• CASING SAUCES
• BURLEY SIDE OF THE BLEND ONLY
• FLAVORANTS
• VOLATILE COMPOUNDS (MENTHOL)
• TOP DRESSING APPLIED /w ETOH FOR AROMA
• COMBUSTION MODIFIERS
• K/Na CITRATE

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INTENTIONAL ADDITIVESCIGARETTE DESIGN

• PURPOSE
• MASK THE IRRITATING COMPONENTS OF SMOKE
• MANIPULATE ENHANCE THE DELIVERY OF NICOTINE
• GRAS/FEMA/CAS
• TYPES
• SUGARS
• AMELIORANTS
• ESTHETICS
• ADHESIVES
• COLORANTS
• HUMECTATNTS
• COMBUSTION ENHANCERS/RETARDANTS
• SILICONES
• ANTOMICROBIAL AGENTS
• pH CONTROL

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GRAS/FEMA

• GRAS (GENRALLY RECONIZED AS SAFE)
• FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG COSMETIC ACT 1938
• FDA DESIGNATION BASED ON A 1958 FOOD ADDITIVES
  AMMENMENT
• FEMA (FLAVOR EXTRACTORS MANUFACTURERS
  ASSOCIATION)
• CLASS I
• SIMPLE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH NO ADVERSE RX
• NATURALLY OCCURING
• CLASS II
• COMPOUNDS SIMILAR TO CLASS-I BUT SYNTHETIC
• REASONABLE ASSUMED TO BE NON TOXIC
• CLASS III
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• POLYCYCLIC/HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

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UNINTENTIONAL ADDITIVES

• AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
• PESTICIDES
• HERBICIDES
• SENESCENCE AGENTS
• SUCKERING AGENTS
• SOIL FLORA AND SPORES
• PHEROMONES
• INSECTS, e.g. TOBACCO BEETLE

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OTHER UNINTENTIONAL

• MANUFACTURING MATERIALS
• CONVEYOR BELT
• METAL PARTS
• HARVESTING MATERIALS
• WOOD
• METAL

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UNINTENTIONAL ADDITITVES

• PACKAGING MATERIALS
• GRAPHIC INKS
• SOLVENT RESIDUES
• RECYCLED PAPERS

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

• PRIMARY
• BLEND COMPONENT PREPARATION
• CASINGS
• DRYING/REDRYING
• FLAVORANTS
• BLENDING COMPONENTS
• CUTTING
• TOP DRESSING /w ETOH

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

• FABRICATION
• RE-DRY COMPLETE CUT BLEND (12-14)
• TOBACCO ROD MANUFACTURE
• FILTER ROD MANUFACTURE
• ASSEMBLY OF TWO COMPONENTS
• PACKAGING
• BOX
• SOFT PACK
• CONDITIONED STORAGE

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DUTY of CARE in TESTING ADDITIVES

• NEAT
• PURITY OF ADDITIVE (USP)
• COMPLEXITY of ADDITIVE
• HOMOGENEOUS CHEMICAL COMPOUND
• COMPLEX EXTRACT
• IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER ADDITIVE COMPONENTS
• IN COMBINATION WITH TOBACCO
• NTP PROTOCOL
• TIERED TESTING
• IN-VITRO
• IN-VIVO

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KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR USE OF ADDITIVES

• DOES THE ADDITIVE INCREASE BIOTOXICITYBEFORE and
  AFTER
• HAS and HOW HAS IT BEEN APPROPRIATELY TESTED
• FDA/FEMA GRAS LIST (CLASS I/II/III DESIGNATION)
• TOBACCO COMPANY
• INDEPENDENT ENTITY
• REGULATORY AGENCY
• PYROLYSIS CHEMISTRY
• HOW COMPLEX IS THE ADDITIVE
• PURE
• COMPLEX EXTRACT
• SHOULD THE USE BE REGULATED/RESTRICTED

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CIGARETTE COMPONENTS