ACUTE AND CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

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ACUTE AND CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

• DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY
  
• AMS07

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Acute Renal Failure

• Classification.
• Pre-Renal
• Parenchymal
• Post-Renal

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Acute Renal Failure

• Sepsis.

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Acute Renal Failure

• Sepsis

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Acute Renal Failure

• Sepsis

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Acute Renal Failure

• Sepsis

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Acute Renal Failure

• Sepsis

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Acute Renal Failure

• Sepsis

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CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PART II
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CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (UREMIA) General symptoms
weakness, fatigue Cardiovascular
hypertension, pericarditis G.I. nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea CNS lethargy, confusion,
coma Muscles twitching, weakness Bones
osteodystrophy Metabolic acidosis, P?K?, BUN?,
Cr?. Endocrine - parathyroids?
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Kidney failure loss of renal function.

• Acute renal failure usually presents as oliguria
  (less than 500 mL urine/day) plus azotemia.
• Hyperkalemia is the main threat to life during
  the oliguric phase.
• Uremia signs and symptoms of renal failure
  especially in chronic renal failure.
• Azotemia increased urea in blood

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Etiology of Acute RenaI Failure

• Prerrenal
• low intravascular volume
• low vascular resistance
• low cardiac output
• Renal
• Post renal
• BPH, anticholinergics, cancer, stones, bilateral
  papillary necrosis

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PATHOLOGY OF ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS Cortexgt
medulla Necrotic tubular cells slough off
Intratubular cast in medulla Regeneration of
tubules occurs fast
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• CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ATN
• The MOST common cause of acute renal failure
• Dirty brown casts in urine
• Oliguria? anuria? polyuria
• Azotemia
• Acidosis, K?
• Fluid retention
• Recovery 1-2 weeks

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