Self-Concept

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Self-Concept

• Dr. Aubrey H. Fine

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Starlight Express
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(No Transcript)
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• ...Only you have the power within you.
• Just believe in yourself, the sea will part
  before you.
• Stop the rain, turn the tide.
• If only you use the power within you,
• You neednt beg the world to turn around and help
  you.
• If you draw on what you have within you
• Somewhere deep inside
• I AM THE STARLIGHT
• Starlight Express

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I CAN
I can handle it
I can handle it
I can handle it
I can handle it
I can handle it
I can handle it
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I CAN
I cant handle it
I cant handle it
I cant handle it
I cant handle it
I cant handle it
I cant handle it
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The greatest evil that can befall man is that
he should come to think evil of himself.

• Goethe

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The Suitcase of Doom
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How to survive and not be a victim of failure.
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The Builder

• I saw them tearing a building down
• A team of men in my hometown.
• With a heave and a ho and a yes yes yell,
• They swung a beam and a sidewall fell.
• And I said to the foreman, Are these men
  skilled?
• Like the ones youd use if you had to build?
• And he laughed and said, Oh no, indeed
• The most common labor is all I need
• For I can destroy in a day or two
• What takes a builder then years to do.
• So I thought to myself as I went on my way
• Am I one who is tearing down as I carelessly make
  my way around?
• Or am I one who builds with care, in order to
  make the world a
• Little betterbecause I was there?

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Characteristics of Risk Individuals

• Weak perception of personal capabilities
• Weak perception of personal significance
• Weak perception of personal influence

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Inadequate Intra-Personal Skills
(Self-Assessment)

• Inadequate inter-personal skills (dialogue,
  communication)
• Inadequate systemic skills (responsibility,
  adaptability, etc.)
• Inadequate judgmental skills (applying learned
  knowledge, wisdom)

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Learned Helplessness Defined

• Learned helplessness results when a person
  expects that important events or outcomes in
  his/her life are independent of his or her own
  responding. In other words, when the things that
  matter to a person are felt to be beyond that
  persons control, then she/he becomes a victim of
  learned helplessness.

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Three Broad Effects of Helplessness

1. Reduces peoples motivation to control outcomes
   becoming passive recipients.
2. Interferes with a persons ability to learn that
   he/she can control outcomes.
3. May produce levels of depression.

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Locus of Control

• A childs perception of who is responsible for
  ones success of failure in a particular
  achievement area.

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Internal vs. External

• Internal those who feel they control their
  reinforcements.
• External those who perceive their outcomes to
  be independent of their responses.

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Cognitive Attribution Theories

• Assumes that peoples perceptions of the causes
  of their success and failures influence the
  quality of their future achievement.

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Failure Avoiding

• Ascribe successful to external factors (e.g.
  luck)
• Ascribe failure to inability

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Motivated to Approach Success

• Attribute success to ability
• Attribute failure to lack of effort

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Attribution Theory

• Investigate persons perceptions of causes
• Factors
• Informational causes
• History of successes or failures
• Reinforcement history
• Feedback
• The allocation of responsibility influences
  subsequent behaviors

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Factors Contributing to Negative Motivation

• School / Home environment
• The Parent Teacher
• The child
• The classroom environment
• Evaluation system

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Major Perceived Causes for Achievement
Performance

• Ability
• Effort
• Luck
• Task Ease / Difficulty

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Understanding Your Explanatory Style to Your
Behavior

• Three dimensions to investigate
• Permanence
• Pervasiveness
• Personalization

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• OPTISISM
• VS.
• PESSIMISM

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OPTMISISM
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People who are optimistic explain good events in
terms of permanent causes.
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How you think about your concerns will either
relieve or aggravate it.
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Pessimism produces a level of inertia rather than
activity in the face of setbacks. Pessimism just
like optimism is self-fulfilling. Pessimists
dont persist in the face of challenges, and
therefore fail more frequently.
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RUMINATION
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Depression and a sense of helplessness occurs as
a result of a lifelong series of habits and
conscious thought.
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Ramifications of Success and Failure
Success
Failure

• Frustration - Perceived
  Incompetence
• Avoidance - Negative Responses from Others
• Aggression

Demoralization Syndrome
Success
Failure

• Positive External Response
• Increased Internal Motivation
• Enhanced Perceived Competence
• Risk Taking

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ABILITY
PERFORMANCE
EFFORT
SELF-ESTEEM (PERSON)
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The Three Magic Ingredients of Self-Esteem

• Belonging
• Feeling competent
• Feeling worthwhile

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The Three Major Ingredients to Successful
Relationships

• Dignity, Respect, Communication
• - Democratic living is based on mutual respect.

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The Difficulty of Being A Risk Taker

• The Empty Glass vs. the Full Glass

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The only way to grow is to take risks and get
involved.
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Three Critical Beliefs

1. I am a capable person who can change if I choose.
2. My life is significant. (I must realize Im
   important).
3. I must discover that I have the power within.

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HELPFUL BELIEFS

• Beliefs That Help Children Lead More Effective
  and Healthy Lives

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Belief 1 It is Important to Try
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Belief 2 Failure is an event, not a person.

• Mistakes are O.K., one can turn them into lessons

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Nobody can make you feel inferior without your
consent.

• E. Roosevelt

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Only when the mind is ready, the teacher appears.

• Zen Expression

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Belief 3 It is O.K. to Make Mistakes
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Belief 4 I am responsible for my day.
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Belief 5 I can handle it when things go wrong.
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Success is a journeynot a destination.
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Belief 6 Other people are O.K. and I am O.K.
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Belief 7 I am capable.
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Where a persons treasure lies, the heart will
be.

• A persons uniqueness is his/her treasure

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Empowerment
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What Children Need for Empowerment

• DignityRespect
• Self-affirmation of dreams
• Dreams and a commitment can change the world

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Guidelines in Enhancing Motivation in Children

1. Reduce social comparison
2. Increase involvement in learning
3. Focus on effort
4. Promote beliefs in competence
5. Increase chances for success

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Principles for Enhancing Self Concept in Children

• Listen to and acknowledge childrens thoughts
  and feelings
• Help children experience success
• Give children reasonable control over their
  lives
• Demonstrate to children that theyre lovable and
  capable
• Model a health and positive self concept

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Increase Chances for Success

• Provide skill training
• Use peer tutoring
• Use cooperative team learning
• Use individualized instruction
• Teach self control
• Teach and promote positive self talk

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The Man in the Glass

• When you get what you want in your struggle for
  self
• And the world makes you king for a day,
• Just go to the mirror and look at yourself
• And see what that man has to say
• For it isnt your father or mother or wife
• Whose judgment upon you must pass
• The fellow whose verdict counts most in your life
• Is the one staring back from the glass
• You may be like Jack Horner and chisel a plum
• And think youre a wonderful guy.
• But the man in the glass says youre only a bum
• If you cant look him straight in the eye.
• You may fool the whole world down the pathway of
  years
• And get pats on the back as you pass.
• But your final reward will be heartache and tears
• If youve cheated the man in the glass.