HS 200

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HS 200

• Turn in at front table
• Service Project (Attach rubric to the front)
• Online reading Quiz
• Today
• Finish Cardiovascular Disease (Ch. 12)
• Alcohol Use and Abuse ((Ch. 8)

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Introduction

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the ___leading
  cause of death in the U.S.
• ___American dies from CVD every 33 seconds
• Nearly ___ of all Americans will die from CVD
• CVD is the ________cause of death for both men
  and women

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Cardiovascular System

• Heart, blood vessels, hormones, enzymes and
  wastes.
• Four chambers (size of a fist).
• Upper chambers (Atriums).
• Lower chambers (Ventricles).
• Vena cava- Largest Vein
• Aorta- Largest Artery

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Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease

• Hypertension - may cause damage even before it is
  ever detected.
• Atherosclerosis - narrowed by fatty deposits.
• Heart Attack - Vessels in the heart become
  blocked.
• Stroke - Impeded blood supply to a part of the
  brain.
• Congestive Heart Failure - Blood backs up in the
  veins leading to the heart.
  Contgtgtgtgt

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Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease cont.

• Angina Pectoris - Chest pain heart doesnt get
  enough O2. (Kehrs sign.).
• Arrhythmias - Abnormal Heartbeat - Disruption of
  the electrical system - can lead to sudden death.

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Risk Factors

• Contributing Risk Factors
• Six Major Risk Factors that can be changed.
• Tobacco use.
• Physical inactivity.
• Obesity
• High blood pressure.
• Diabetes (Doubles the risk of CVD)
• High levels of cholesterol.
• LDLs and HDLs

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Protecting Yourself Against CVD

• Total Fats less than 30
• Low Saturated Fats
• Increased Dietary Fiber
• Moderation of Alcohol
• No smoking
• Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, folic acid,
  vitamin B-6 B-12,soy protein, and total
  calories.
• Continued

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Protecting Yourself Against CVD

• Moderate physical activity
• Blood pressure monitored twice a year
• Control Cholesterol levels
• Effective means of controlling stress

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Practice Diaphragmic BreathingPay attention to
your thoughtsPractice MINDFULNESS
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How Cancer Spreads

• Metastasis Primary tumor
• Definition the spreading of cancer cells, occurs
  because cancer cells do not stick to each other
  as strongly as normal cells.
• Cells break away from primary tumor and invade
  surrounding tissues or travel through the blood
  and lymphatic system.
• Secondary tumor or metastases

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Types of Cancer

• Malignant Tumors
• Classified according to the types of cells.
• Initially retain some of the original properties
  of the host cell.
• Carcinomas - most common - start from the
  epithelial tissue that cover body surfaces.
  Linings, tubes, cavities and secretion glands.

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Malignant Tumors

• Sarcomas arise in connective and fibrous
  tissues. Bone, muscle, cartilage and membranes
  covering muscle or fat.
• Lymphomas Cancers of the lymph nodes.
• Leukemia cancer of the blood-forming cells in
  bone marrow.

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The Incidence of Cancer

• 1.3 million Americans are diagnosed yearly
• More than half will be cued.
• About 40 will die as a result of cancer.
• 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be develop
  cancer during their lifetime.

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Common Cancers

• Lung Cancer Most common cancer.
• Risk Factors
• Tobacco smoking contributes to 87.
• Combined with environmental carcinogens multiply
  by 10.
• Detection and Treatment (Difficult to detect)
• Symptoms are not detected until cancer has
  reached the invasive stage.
• Persistent cough, chest pain, or recurring
  bronchitis.
• Diagnosis - chest x-ray or sputum examination -
  fiber-optic bronchosectomy.

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Common Cancers

• Lung Cancer treatment
• Difficult to treat.
• Surgery- removal of involved cells.
• Typically- cancer cells have already spread.
• Very resistant to chemotherapy.

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Common Cancers

• Colon and Rectal- second most prevalent cancer.
• Risk Factors
• Directly linked to diet and genetic
  predisposition.
• Mostly occurs after 50 yr. of age.Diet low in fat
  and High in fiber - best defense.
• Up to 1/3 of the population is genetically prone.
• Detection and Treatment

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Common Cancers

• Breast Cancer - Second most common cancer in
  women 19 American women will have it during her
  lifetime.
• Risk Factors
• Most common in women over 50
• 5 year survival rate is 79
• Disease of Civilization
• Common causes Genetic predisposition High fat,
  High calorie diet and Sedentary lifestyle,
  Alcohol use, early onset of menstruation, First
  child after 30 and obesity
• Estrogen -cancer in estrogen-responsive sites
• Detection and Treatment

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Common Cancers

• Breast Cancer -.
• Three part program for early detection.
• Monthly breast self-exam for all women over 20.
• Clinical breast exam by a physician every 3 yr.
• Mammography- Every 1-2 years 40-50 yr. old.
• Over 50 every year.
• New Strategies for Treatment and Prevention

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Common Cancers

• Prostate Cancer - Most common cancer in men.
  Third leading cause of cancer deaths in men
• Risk Factors - Age, diet, lifestyle and genetic
  predisposition
• Early detection is key. PSA Blood test
• Treatment - surgical removal of the prostate and
  radiation

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Common Cancers

• Female Reproductive Tract Uterus, Cervix or
  Ovaries.
• Cervical cancer - sexually transmitted.
• 80 stems from infection by the papillomavirus -
  transmitted by unprotected sex.
• PAP Test
• Cervical cancer most common in women in their
  20s and 30s.
• Factors sexual intercourse before 18, multiple
  sex partners, cigarette smoking and low
  socioeconomic status.

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Common Cancers

• Uterine, or Endometrial
• Occurs after 55
• Determined by Pelvic Exam
• Treatment is surgery
• Ovarian Cancer Difficult to detect and
  diagnosis, No warning signs
• Family history or genetic factors
• Determined by Pelvic Exam
• Treatment is surgery radiation

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Common Cancers

• Skin Cancer Most common form
• Easily detected and highly curable
• Exposure to ultraviolet rays during childhood
• Common cause - sunburns and suntans
• Types
• Basal and Squamous
• Melanoma - more dangerous form
• Prevention
• Detection and Treatment

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Common Cancers

• Oral Cancer
• Testicular Cancer
• Pancreatic Cancer
• Stomach Cancer
• Bladder Cancer
• Kidney Cancer
• Brain Cancer

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Common Cancers

• Leukemia
• Cancers of the blood forming tissues
• Abnormal production of immature white blood
  cells rapidly growing cells displace red blood
  cell precursors
• Immature WBCs cannot fight off infections
• Risk factors are unknown

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Common Cancers

• Lymphoma
• Arising from the lymph cells
• Hodgkins disease
• Non-Hodgkins disease
• Multiple Myeloma
• Malignant plasma cells produce tumors in the bone
  marrow.
• Leads to anemia, excessive bleeding and decreased
  resistance to infection

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The Cause of Cancer

• The Role of DNA
• Each cells has 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Each controls the way a cell will work
• A gene
• DNA Mutations and Cancer
• Changes the way the cells function
• Mutagens
• Oncogenes
• Tumor suppressor genes
• Hereditary Risks

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Links to Cancer

• Foods
• Both carcinogens and compounds that provide
  protection
• Dietary Fat and Meat (Saturated Fats)
• Alcohol
• Dietary Fiber
• Fruits and Vegetables
• Anticarcinogens
• Carotenoids
• Antioxidants versus Free radicals
• Phytochemicals
• Sulforaphane

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Foods That Contain Cancer-Preventing Substances

• Kale
• Spinach
• Apricot
• Cantaloupe
• Grapefruit
• Orange
• Papaya
• Peach
• Plum
• Watermelon

• Broccoli
• Brussels sprouts
• Cabbage
• Cauliflower
• Carrots
• Red peppers
• Tomato
• Sweet potato
• Collard greens
• Green Tea

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Links to Cancer

• Inactivity and Obesity
• Linked to colon cancer
• Benefits of Physical Activity

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Carcinogens in the Environment

• Ingested Chemicals
• Environmental and Industrial pollution
• Radiation

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Detecting, Diagnosing, and Treating Cancer

• Detecting
• Self-monitoring
• Diagnosing
• Biopsy
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Ultrasonography

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Detecting Cancer

• Self Monitoring is Essential
• C Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A A sore that does not heal
• U Unusual bleeding or discharge
• T Thickening or lump in breasts or elsewhere
• I Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
• O Obvious change in a wart or mole
• N Nagging cough or hoarseness

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Detecting, Diagnosing and Treating Cancer

• Treatment
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• New and Experimental
• Gene therapy
• Bone marrow and Stem Cell transplants
• Biological therapies

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Cancer Survivors

• Must live with fear of recurrence
• Face prejudice from health insurers
• Psychological support is important
• Financial impact

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Prevention

• Lifestyle choices
• Avoid tobacco
• Control diet and weight
• Regular exercise
• Protecting skin from the sun
• Avoiding environmental and occupational
  carcinogens
• Regular self exams
• Medical screenings
• Be aware of the early signs and symptoms

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Thanks!!!!!!!