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LIS901N: webmastering I: the static web site

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Title: LIS901N: webmastering I: the static web site


1
LIS901N webmastering I the static web site
  • Thomas Krichel
  • 2003-01-11

2
Structure of talk
  • First talk about me
  • My concepts of webmastering
  • Then talk about you
  • Introduction to wotan
  • basic manipulation of wotan
  • files
  • permissions
  • basic command
  • editing
  • creating your first page

3
About me
  • Born 1965, in Völklingen (Germany)
  • Studied economics and social sciences at the
    Universities of Toulouse, Paris, Exeter and
    Leiceister.
  • PhD in theoretical macroeconomics
  • Lecturer in Economics at the University of Surrey
    1993 and 2001
  • Since 2001 assistant professor at the Palmer
    School

4
Why?
  • During research assistantship period, (1990 to
    1993) I was constantly frustrated with difficult
    access to scientific literature.
  • At the same time, I discovered easy access to
    freely downloadable software over the Internet.
  • I decided to work towards downloadable scientific
    documents. This lead to my library career
    (eventually).

5
Steps taken I
  • 1993 founded the NetEc project at
    http//netec.mcc.ac.uk, later available at
    http//netec.ier.hit-u.ac.jp as well as at
    http//netec.wustl.edu.
  • These are networking projects targeted to the
    economics community. The bulk is
  • Information about working papers
  • Downloadable working papers
  • Journal articles were added later

6
Steps taken II
  • Set up RePEc, a digital library for economics
    research. Catalogs
  • Research documents
  • Collections of research documents
  • Researchers themselves
  • Organizations that are important to the research
    process
  • Decentralized collection, model for the open
    archives initiative

7
Steps taken III
  • Co-founder of Open Archives Initiative
  • Work on the Academic Metadata Format
  • Co-founded rclis, a RePEc clone for (Research in
    Computing, Library and Information Science)

8
Webmaster
  • There are two available definitions that come to
    mind
  • A webmaster is a person who has write access to a
    set of files that are available for display on
    the World Wide Web.
  • A webmaster is a person who has control over a
    software installation that can deliver web pages.
  • The second is more stricter. We mostly use the
    first one.

9
Webmastering
  • Webmastering combines many aspects
  • Work on the organization of data to fit onto
    pages
  • Set display style of different pages
  • Organize the contribution of data
  • Maintain a technical web installation
  • Some of them can be learned in a course, but
    others can not.
  • Emphasis has to be on learnable elements.

10
Teaching philosophy
  • Point and click on a computer software is not
    enough.
  • Explain underlying principles.
  • Promote standards.
  • Avoid proprietary software.

11
Webmastering I
  • Deals with the maintenance of a static web site.
    Such a web site remains the same whatever the
    user does with it.
  • Topics include
  • html
  • http
  • information architecture
  • web server

12
Webmastering II
  • Deals with building dynamic web sites.
  • Users fill in a form
  • Users submit the form
  • Web server return a page that is specific to the
    request of the user.
  • Teaches a language called PHP, that is widely
    used to generate such web sites.
  • Gets you introduced to computer programming
  • Gets you to train analytical thinking.

13
Webmastering III
  • Deals with XML
  • XML is a syntax to encode any kind of data.
  • XML can be constrained to only allow certain
    types of data (XML Schema)
  • XML can be transformed to render the data in
    various ways (XSLT)
  • Achieve a separation of contents and presentation
    of a web page.
  • advanced course, has both Schema and
    Transformation

14
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15
Free software
  • I maintain the server but
  • if
  • you have Internet access
  • you have an old PC
  • you could build the server yourself. The server
    as well as putty and winscp are free software.
  • I will not now elaborate more on the nature of
    free software.

16
Communication with the server
  • For file editing and manipulation, we use putty.
  • For file transfer, we use winscp.
  • Both are available on the web.
  • Telnet and ftp servers are not available on
    wotan. Telnet and ftp do not encrypt the
    communication stream and therefore they are not
    secure.
  • The protocol is ssh, the secure shell, based
    public-key cryptography.

17
Installing putty and winscp
  • Go to your favorite search engine to search for
    putty.
  • Download and save putty.
  • Leave your computer if it does not allow you to
    do it.
  • Do the same thing with winscp

18
Debian
  • Is a distribution of free software that provides
    an operating system and application programs
  • Named after Deborah and Ian Jackson
  • Uses the Linux kernel, but could run with other
    kernels
  • Uses mainly GNU software, based on work to write
    a free version of UNIX
  • Therefore also called Debian GNU/Linux
  • Wotan runs the testing version of Debian,
    codenamed sarge.
  • Usually the software is updated once a week. Let
    us do it now.

19
Registration Time
  • As part of the course, you are being provided
    with web space on the server wotan.liu.edu, at
    the URL
  • http//wotan.liu.edu/username
  • where username is a user name that you can
    chose.
  • It is my intention to maintain this web space for
    you into the foreseeable future.
  • You should also choose a password, now.
  • I will now register you.

20
Login time
  • Use putty, port 22 to wotan.liu.edu
  • set other attributes of the session as you like,
    using the menu on the left, for example
  • colors
  • font shapes and sizes
  • bell
  • Save the session as wotan (in the first screen)
    to save all the customization.
  • Do the same thing at home!

21
Files, directories and links
  • Files are continuous chunks data on disks that
    are required for software applications.
  • A link is a file that contain the address of
    another file. Microsoft call it a shortcut.
  • Directories are files that contain other files.
    Microsoft calls them folders.
  • In UNIX, the directory separator is /
  • The top directory is / on ist own.

22
Home directory
  • When you first log in to wotan you are placed in
    your home directory /home/username
  • cd is the command that gets you back to the
    home directory.
  • The home directory is also abbreviated as
  • cd user gets you to the home of user user.
  • cd does what?

23
/public_html
  • Is your web directory. You create it with mkdir
    public_html in your home directory.
  • The web server on wotan will map requests to
    http//wotan.liu.edu/user to show the file
    user/public_html/index.html
  • The web server will map requests to
    http//wotan.liu.edu/user/file to show the file
    user/public_html/file
  • The server will do this by virtue of a
    configuration option.

24
changing directory, listing files
  • cd directory changes into the directory directory
  • the current directory is .
  • its parent directory is ..
  • ls lists files
  • As an exercise, move around the directory
    structure and discover the files that they hold
    with ls.
  • IMPORTANT NOTE bash allows completion of file
    and directory names with the TAB character

25
issuing commands
  • While you are login, you talk to the computer by
    issuing commands.
  • Your commands are read by command line
    interpreter.
  • The command line interpreter is called a shell.
  • You are using the Bourne Again Shell, bash.
  • bash allows to browse the command history with
    the arrow keys
  • bash allows to edit commands with the arrow keys
  • exit is the command to leave the shell.

26
Users and groups
  • root is the user name of the superuser.
  • The superuser has all privileges.
  • There are other physical users, i.e. persons
    using the machine
  • There are users that are virtual, usually created
    to run a daemon. For example, the web sever in
    run by a user www-data.
  • Arbitrary users can be put together in groups.

27
Permission model
  • Permission of files are given
  • to the owner of the file
  • to the the group of the file
  • and to the rest of the world
  • A group is a grouping of users. Unix allows to
    define any number of groups and make users a
    member of it.
  • The rest of the world are all other users who
    have access to the system. That includes
    www-data!

28
Listing files
  • ls lists files
  • ls l make a long listing. It contains
  • elementary type and permissions (see next slide)
  • owner
  • group
  • size
  • date
  • name

29
First element in ls -l
  • Type indicator
  • d means directory
  • l means link
  • - means ordinary file
  • 3 letters for permission of owner
  • 3 letters for permission of group
  • 3 letters for permission of rest of the world
  • r means read, w means write, x means execute
  • Directories need to be executable to get in them

30
Change permission chmod
  • usage chmod permission file
  • file is a file
  • permisson is three numbers, for owner, group and
    rest of the world.
  • Each number is sum of elementary numbers
  • 4 is read
  • 2 is write
  • 1 is excute
  • 0 means no permission.
  • Example chmod 764 file

31
General structure of commands
  • commandname flag --option
  • Where commandname is a name of a command
  • flag can be a letter
  • Several letters set several flags at the same
    time
  • An option can also be expressed with - - and a
    word, this is more user-friendly than flags.
  • Let us look at an example with the ls command.

32
example
  • ls lists files
  • ls -l makes a long listing
  • ls -a lists all files, not only regular files but
    some hidden files as well
  • all files that start with a dot are hidden
  • ls -la lists all files is long listing
  • ls --all is the same as ls -a. --all is known as
    a long listing.

33
Copying and removing
  • cp file copyfile copies file file to file
    copyfile. If copyfile is a directory, it copies
    into the directory.
  • mv file movedfile moves file file to file
    movedfile. If movedfile is a directory, it moves
    into the directory.
  • rm file removes file, there is no recycling bin!!

34
Directories and files
  • mkdir directory makes a directory
  • rmdir directory removes an empty directory
  • rm -r directory removes a directory and all its
    files
  • more file
  • Pages contents of file, no way back
  • less file
  • Pages contents of file, u to go back, q to
    quit

35
file transfer
  • you can use winscp to upload and download files
    to wotan.
  • If uploaded files in the web directory remain
    invisible, that is most likely a problem with
    permission. Refer back to permissions.
  • chmod 644 will put it right for the files
  • chmod 755 . (yes with a dot) will put it right
    for the current directory
  • is a wildcard for all files.
  • rm -r is a command to avoid.

36
editing
  • There are a plethora of editors available.
  • For the neophyte, nano works best.
  • nano file edits the file file.
  • nano -w switches of line wrapping.
  • nano shows the commands available at the bottom
    of the screen. Note that letter, where letter is
    a letter, means pressing CONTROL and the letter
    letter at the same time.

37
your first page
  • cd
  • mkdir public_html
  • cd public_html (do cd pultTABgt)
  • nano index.html
  • edit your file
  • find your file on the web with a web browser.
  • You have written your first web page!
  • but your page is not likely to comply with rules
    of html!

38
Copy and paste
  • Putty allows to copy and paste text between
    windows and UNX.
  • On the windows machine, it uses the windows
    approach to copy and paste
  • On the UNX machine,
  • you copy by highlighting with the mouse left
    button
  • you paste using the middle button

39
http//openlib.org/home/krichel
  • Thank you for your attention!
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