Nucleic Acid History

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Nucleic Acid History
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Nucleic Acid Structure
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More on Nucleic Acids
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RNA
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Protein Synthesis
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More Protein Synthesis
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More Protein Synthesis
Nucleic Acid History
Nucleic Acid Structure
More on Nucleic Acids
RNA
Protein Synthesis
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Two scientists that built the first model of DNA
structure
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Who are Watson Crick?
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Process described by Frederick Griffith where
harmless bacteria take on traits of disease
causing bacteria
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What is transformation?
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A scientist who, along with others, found that
DNA, not protein, is the cells genetic material
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Who is Oswald Avery?
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Two scientists who used radioactive markers to
reinforce the idea that DNA is carrying the
genetic material of the cell
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Who are Hershey and Chase?
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Scientist that studied DNA crystals using x-ray
diffraction
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Who is Rosalind Franklin?
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Five carbon sugar on DNA
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What is deoxyribose?
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Double-ringed nitrogenous base
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What is a purine?
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Single-ringed nitrogenous base
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What is a pyrimidine?
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Nitrogen base that pairs with thymine
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What is adenine?
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Nitrogen base that replaces thymine
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What is uracil?
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Weak bonds that hold nitrogen bases together in
base pairing
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What are hydrogen bonds?
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Shape of a DNA molecule
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What is a double helix?
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Process where DNA makes a copy of itself
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What is replication?
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Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between
nitrogen bases in DNA before replication
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What is DNA helicase?
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Enzyme that binds to each separated DNA strand
and joins nucleotides to make a complementary
strand of DNA
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What is DNA polymerase?
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Nitrogen base never found on RNA
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What is thymine?
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Five carbon sugar on RNA
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What is ribose?
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Type of RNA that copies the genetic code in the
nucleus takes it to the ribosomes
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What is mRNA?
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Type of RNA that joins with proteins to make
ribosomes
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What is rRNA?
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Process where DNA is separated mRNA makes a
copy of the DNA code
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What is transcription?
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Main enzyme use in transcription
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What is RNA polymerase?
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Process in which the mRNA code is used to build a
polypeptide chain
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What is translation?
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Location where translation occurs
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What is a ribosome?
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Sequence of three mRNA nucleotides
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What is a codon?
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Daily Double!!
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Monomers carried by the tRNA and used to make a
polypeptide
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What are amino acids?
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Binding site on DNA for RNA polymerase
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What is the promoter?
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Sequence of nucleotides on DNA that signals the
end of transcription
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What is the termination signal?
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The start codon for translation
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What is AUG or methionine?
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Complementary to the codon on mRNA
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What is the anticodon?
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Number of binding sites on ribosomes
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What is three?
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Final Jeopardy
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Proteins
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Only produces proteins that will be used inside
the cell
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What are free ribosomes in the cytosol?