Slot Swapping Applications for CDM

1
Slot Swapping Applications for CDM

• P.R. de Waal, NLR
• M.H. van den Briel, Arizona State University
• J.M. van den Akker, Utrecht University

2
Overview

• Introduction
• CDM applications
• Experimental results
• Operational issues
• Conclusions

3
Introduction

• Current state of ATFM in Europe
• Central slot allocation CFMU
• All flights are equal
• Slot swapping on ad-hoc basis via telephone
• Airlines
• Insight in commercial sensitivity of flights
• Demand for more flexibility
• Require access to information to support swapping
  proposals

4
Introduction

• EUROCONTROL Performance Review Report 4, 2000
• ATFM delays represent 38 of primary delays
• ATC capacity accounts for 75 of ATFM delays
• Reactionary delays form 39 of departure delays
• Estimated ATFM delay costs
• En-route primary 960 - 1584 Meuro
• Reactionary 336 Meuro
• Passenger costs 1656 - 2160 Meuro

5
Applications

• General Formulation of Slot Swapping
• EEC Note 9/99
• Give Aircraft Operator the possibility to change
  the departure order of flights going through the
  same regulations at about the same time.
• Provide access to information to support requests
• Define new procedures
• Develop new tools

6
Application 1 (swap by departure time)
7
Application 1 (swap by departure time)
Regulation
Airport departure Sector
arrival scheduled 0800 0830 actual
0800 (0830) 0830 (0900) scheduled
0800 0830 actual 0830 (0800) 0900
(0830)
Capacity 1 flight/period
8
Application 2 (swap by sector arrival time)
9
Application 2 (swap by sector arrival time)
10
Application 3 (swap at load contribution)
11
Application 3 (swap at load contribution)
12
Experimental results

• Test case
• One day air traffic over France 1994
• Slot allocation scheme computed by Optislot

1 Sunday 2 Wed. 3Thurs.
flights 1000 1000 1100 sectors 58 59 63
regulations 1134 1170 1153 delayed
flights 198 145 200
13
Experimental results
14
Experimental results
15
Operational Issues

• Slot swapping
• cannot be done before slot is allocated
• has to be approved by CFMU
• influences all ATC planning processes
• must be done before departure planning is
  finalised
• requires attention for simultaneous swaps
• Scenarios
• 1. AO searches, checks and proposes swaps CFMU
  final check and approval
• 2. AO proposes swaps CFMU check and approval

16
Operational Issues

• Benefits
• Increased flexibility
• Decrease of reactionary delays
• Reduction of unused slots

17
Conclusions

• Slot swapping
• Viable CDM application
• Provides increased flexibility to AO
• Needs validation with more recent and detailed
  data