New Hampshire ASBO

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New Hampshire ASBO
Professional Development
Reducing energy costs in your schools
McCormick Facilities Management Michael
McCormick, CPE
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About us

• Over 20 years specializing in school facility
  issues
• Engineers, former school administrators
• Independent consultants, advisors
• 3rd party objectivity
• Facility Condition Assessments, FCA, of most
  Maine schools
• National experience
• Nearly 500,000,000 square feet

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Services

• Facility Management Consulting
• Facility Condition Assessments
• Strategic Master Planning, facilities
  educational programming
• Energy and Utility audits
• Alternative/Renewable opportunities
• Security and Crisis planning
• Contract FM
• Construction Management

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Todays focus
Ways to save and manage energy in your
facilities
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Why do we care about energy?

• World electricity demand is expected to double
  between 2000 and 2030
• The greatest increase will occur in the
  developing world
• Electricity production is the leading cause of
  industrial air pollution in the United States,
  and is responsible for 40 percent of the nation's
  carbon emissions that contribute to global
  climate change

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Why do we care about energy?

• At most, 35 percent of coal's energy in a power
  plant converts to electricity
• The remaining two thirds is lost as waste heat,
  benefiting no one and often harming surrounding
  ecosystems
• Where electricity is produced from coal, each
  fluorescent light bulb used prevents 1,300 pounds
  of CO2 emissions and 20lbs of sulfur dioxide,
  1.7lbs mercury, 2.3lbs arsenic, and more from
  being pumped into the atmosphere
• Why do we care? Over 50 of US electricity comes
  from burning coal

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Energy Conservation

• Economically Efficient
• Conducive to the Learning Environment
• Responsible to the Environment
• Energy Efficiency in Schools should not
  compromise the health, security and safety of the
  building occupants

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Energy Conservation and Management in Schools
canSave up to 30 of Costs

• Is your School Energy Efficient?
• Benchmarks
• Average heating oil usage should be .33-.41
  gallons per SF per year
• .37 x 100,000 37,000 gallons
• 2.25 per gallon 83,250

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Energy Conservation and Management in Schools
canSave up to 30 of Costs

• Is your School Energy Efficient?
• Benchmarks
• Average electrical usage should be 5.0 5.8 kWh
  per SF per year
• 5.4 x 100,000 540,000 kWh
• .11 per kWh 59,400 per year (4,950/mo)

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Energy Conservation and Management in Schools
canSave up to 30 of Costs

• Is your School Energy Efficient?
• Benchmarks
• Energy should be in the range of 2-4 of total
  budget

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Assumptions

• Cost Per Energy Unit
• Run Times of Equipment
• Hours of operation
• Weather
• Degree days
• Historical Usage Data

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Typical electrical energy use
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Reasons for energy waste

• Costs of Improvements
• Not aware of significance
• Not sure how to solve the problem
• Dont want to fight the fight
• Counter incentives can exist
• Technology Deficiencies
• Not easy or convenient / dont always remember

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How Schools are Operated?

• Without knowledge of energy use and impact of
  individuals actions
• No Energy Policy/Regulation
• No approved Energy Management Plan
• Limited Preventive Maintenance
• Lack of involvement by personnel

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• Data and trending are essential for the
• Success of Any Program --

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• Education is Key to the
• Success of Any Program --
• Energy Awareness for all
• School Staff and students

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What is Energy Management?

• A process to obtain an Understanding of
• Building Utilization
• How energy is being consumed
• Energy Systems Installed
• A process to
• Improve overall energy efficiency and reduce
  impact on the environment
• Goal to Improve Learning and Teaching
• Environment

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What is Energy Management?

• Understanding of Building Utilization
• What areas are used and when?
• Patterns of occupancy and habits
• Space compatible with programs and
  energy efficiency
• Hows the Energy is being consumed?
• What are the light levels?
• Identifying Plug and Phantom Loads
• HVAC equipment operations EMCS
• Electrical Systems

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What is Energy Management?

• What Energy Systems Are Installed
• HVAC Equipment
• Lighting Systems
• We must control these things
• Data collection of run conditions and bill
  tracking

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Energy Management Keys to Best Practices

• Utility Management
• Need to know how much you use before you can
  determine how much you can save
• Energy Star Portfolio Manager Baseline
• Review and Approval Utility Bills
• Energy Use Audit of Each Facility
• Building Occupancy Profiles
• Building Characteristic and Systems
• Information needed to determine energy goals
  and set specific targets for an Energy Management
  Plan

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Energy Management Best Practices

• Understanding of EMCS System
• Develop and Obtain Approval of Energy Policy
• Develop an Energy Regulation
• Develop an Energy Management Plan

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Energy Management Best Practices

• Develop and Obtain Approval of an Energy Policy
• Short Document 2 or 3 short paragraphs
• Include a statement of purpose
• .. Provide leadership in developing a
  realistic energy ethic in the operations of our
  facilities . Success is the joint
  responsibility of governing body, administrators,
  teachers, students and all organizations
  personnel and is based on their cooperation.
• Policy should include CEO/President/Superinte
  ndent is responsible to implement . And
  Administrators will be evaluated on the success
  ..
• Sample copy available

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Energy Management Best Practices

• Regulations to Implement Policy
• Regulations can state specifics about the
  operations of energy systems in your buildings
• Regulations can establish accountability
• Regulations can include the establishment of
• Energy Manager Position and a Energy Mgt Team
• Establishment of an incentive program
• Establishment of a reporting and evaluation
  system

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Energy Management Best Practices

• Development of an Energy Management Policy
• Statement of Purpose Guide the operation of
  the agency to achieve the highest standards in
  energy/water use/environmental and economic
  performance
• State Goals --- .. X percent reduction in
  energy use for each facility by the FY 20xx
  20yy..
• Can be in several areas including training and
  education
• Sets Objectives to achieve Each Goal

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Plug and Phantom Loads

• What is a plug load?
• How best to control plug
  loads?
• What is a phantom load?
• Means of controlling phantom loads?

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What are Plug Loads?

• Plug loads are electrical devices or appliances
  that draw power through an electric outlet
• Schools typically have 120/208-volt electrical
  systems with many different loads
• A load is any device that is powered by an
  electrical system and requires electricity to do
  work
• Many appliances and devices that are turned ON
• Anything that has an ON/OFF switch can be a load
  and managing the use of these loads can help save
  electricity and money.

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Examples of plug loads

• printers and scanners
• fax machines
• copiers
• fish tanks
• overhead projectors
• ranges and stoves
• vocational equipment
• refrigerated drinking fountains
• clocks

• coffee makers
• computers/monitors
• fans
• desk and table lamps
• microwaves
• refrigerators
• televisions
• VCRs
• window air conditioners
• vending machines

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How Much Electricity Do Plug Loads Use?

• Up to 20 percent of the total electricity
  consumed by a school is from plug loads.
• Managing the use of such equipment can greatly
  reduce a schools electricity consumption.

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How to control plug loads

• Need to conduct a plug load survey
• Educational Needs
• Energy Awareness Training
• Develop Energy Guidelines for plug loads
• Include fees for personal items
• Have teeth in the Guidelines

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What are Phantom Loads

• Phantom loads exist in equipment with
• electronic clocks or timers, with remote
  controls, portable equipment and equipment with
  wall cubes
• Consumes Energy even when turned off
• Also known as Stand-by Power and Leaking
  electricity
• This equipment can consume energy from 3 to 25
  watts per hour when turned off
• 2.50 to 10 per year per device

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How to control Phantom Loads

• Disconnect devices at the end of day
• Plug into power strips and turn power strips
  off at the end of the instructional day
• Education

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How Much Energy is Being Wasted behind closed
doors?
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• Standard 75kVA
• VS.
• Energy Efficient Transformer
• The difference is at least 7 x 100W light bulbs
• Would you leave the lights on for 50 years ?

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Factors Impacting Energy Use and Management

• Outside Factors
• Educational Factors
• Design Factors
• Budgetary Factors

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Outside IssuesImpacting Energy Use

• Increasing Energy Unit Costs ()
• Energy Crisis ()
• Increase Community Use () K-12
• Changing Demographics (-/) K-12
• Changing Technologies (-)

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Educational IssuesImpacting Energy Use

• Smaller Class Size () K-12
• Year Round Schools ()
• House or Cluster Concept () K-12
• Computer Based Programs ()
• More Instructional Programs ()

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Design IssuesImpacting Energy Use

• Characteristics Benefits of High
  Performance Design(-)
• Shared Facilities (-)
• Design Standards (/-)
• High Performance Design Elements (-)

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Budgetary IssuesImpacting Energy Use

• Reduced Budgets, Personnel ()
• Decreased Capital Budgets ()
• Disconnect of Capital and Operating Budgets ()
• O M (/-)

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Benefits of an Energy Management Plan

• Reduces Energy Consumption
• Reduces Energy Costs
• Reduces Environmental Impact at Source
• Increases Energy Awareness of Personnel
• Serves as a Educational Tool
• Serves as an Example for the Community
• Creates money for core mission, education

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Does High Performance Schoolequal anEnergy
Efficient School ?

• NOT NECESSARILY!
• People operate buildings, buildings do not
  operate themselves
• Energy awareness and knowledge are the keys to
  success
• EDUCATE! EDUCATE! EDUCATE!

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Must quantify energy usage and feasibility of
reducing it

• How?
• Energy Audit

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Level I Energy Audit

• A Level I Audit is a walk-through survey of a
  facility to assess current energy cost and usage
  and to determine energy savings potential for
  effective energy efficiency measures
• The audit identifies energy efficiency measures
  necessary to achieve such savings potential for
  capital intensive projects and low-cost/no-cost
  measures
• The audit provides a savings and cost analysis
  and simple payback period of all measures
  recommended

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Level II Energy Audit

• A Level II Audit includes a more detailed
  building survey and energy analysis. A breakdown
  of energy use by system is required
• The facilitys equipment and systems are reviewed
  to evaluate and confirm equipment and system
  operating profiles, methods of control, equipment
  efficiency, and changes of facility energy usage
  that have occurred or are anticipated
• The audit identifies low-cost/no-cost operations
  and maintenance procedures and capital equipment
  and installation costs, with calculations to
  support energy savings, costs, and simple payback
  period or life cycle cost analysis

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Level III Energy Audit

• A Level III Audit consists of a detailed analysis
  of capital intensive measures that follow the
  same basic steps as the energy audit described
  above, but includes detailed analysis and
  calculations and/or modeling to determine the
  viability and interactive effects of potential
  energy efficiency measures identified
• The audit requires identification of capital
  equipment and installation cost, calculations to
  support energy savings and costs, and simple
  payback and life cycle cost analysis
• This audit requires a detailed scope of work and
  understanding between parties

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Small Actions,
Large Results

• How can an
• Energy Audit
• benefit you?

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What is an Energy Audit?

• Through an inspection of your facility, we will
  survey and analyze all aspects of energy
  consumption
• Building envelope
• Lighting and electrical equipment
• Heating and mechanical equipment
• All energy consuming systems

During the inspection we are looking for
opportunities in which to reduce the amount of
energy put into your system.
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What is an Energy Audit?
After the inspection, we then create an inventory
of all consumption items and the usage patterns
of the buildings. Next, we calculate the energy
being consumed and the amount that would be
consumed if changes to devices and usage patterns
were implemented. 
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Our main concern in an ENERGY AUDIT is to find
ways to save you money while maintaining or
improving the health, safety, and comfort level
of the occupants.
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We guarantee we can find energy savings
opportunities or the Energy Audit is free!
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What will be audited

• Building Envelope
• Understanding heat flow
• R U values
• Infiltration reduction methods
• Infrared scans
• Walls, roofs, windows energy saving measures

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What will be audited

• HVAC Systems
• Boiler characteristics
• Distribution systems
• Energy management systems
• Air handlers

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What will be audited

• Ventilation Systems
• Types characteristics
• Heat recovery
• Demand control
• Energy management opportunities

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What will be audited

• Domestic Hot Water Systems
• Electric Gas
• Energy load factors
• Circulating pumps
• Heat pump water heaters
• Energy savings calculations

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What will be audited

• Air Conditioning
• Understanding the cooling needs
• Efficiencies
• Components
• Chillers electric, gas driven, absorbers
• Piping systems
• Energy saving recommendations

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What will be audited

• Heat Pumps
• Operation
• Efficiencies
• Types air source, water sources, geothermal
• Economics

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What will be audited

• Lighting Systems
• Inventory
• Light level measurement
• Efficiency
• Lighting characteristics
• Lamp types strengths weaknesses
• Controls sensors
• Energy management opportunities

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What will be audited

• Motors and Drives
• Types of motors
• Efficiencies
• Rewind, replace, or not?
• Economics

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What will be audited

• Utility Basics
• Explanation of rates
• Energy power
• Work with your utility representatives
• Ways to minimize bills

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What will be audited

• Sewage treatment
• Variable speed motors
• Optimized controls
• Demand usage
• Power factor correction
• Load shifting
• Modern equipment
• Stand by power

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150 things you can do

• Things we see in schools all the time

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15 things you can do-biggest impact

• 15 Computer management-20 per device per year
• 14 Water conservation-87 per device
• 13 De-stratification fans-250 annually
• 12 Vending misers-196 annual savings

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• 11 Pipe insulation-296 per year per 100 feet of
  1 pipe
• 10 Seal building gaps and door seals-35 per 10
  feet of ½ gap and 1 door
• 9 Variable speed drives-7.5 hp-1,000 annual
  savings
• 8 HVAC system maintenance-15 annual savings
• 7 Maintain steam traps-895 per year per trap

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• 6 Natural gas or duel fuel-200 savings
• 5 Convert heat to wood pellets-200 savings
• 4 Convert heat to wood chips-400 savings
• 3 Energy management system-thousands
• 2 Lighting, re-lamp/controls/sensors-thousands

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• 1 Behavior modification along with an energy
  policy can save
• 15
• of lighting and heating costs

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Energy Managementis

• A Necessity not a Luxury
• in the 21st Century