EEM232 Digital Systems I

1
EEM232Digital Systems I
2
Course Information
Instructor Atakan Dogan (atdogan_at_anadolu.edu.t
r) Office hours TBD Materials
http//home.anadolu.edu.tr/atdogan/ Text
M. Morris Mano, Charles R. Kime. Logic
and Computer Design Fundamentals 3rd
Edition. Prentice Hall. 2004
3
Grading
Grading Two Midterm Exams 30 Four
Quizes 20 Four HWs
10 Final 40 Grading
Guidelines AA 90-100 Others
40-90 FF 0-40
4
Why should you take EEM 232?

• A required course according to our curriculum
• The theory of operation of digital devices form a
  basis for other courses in the EE/CS curriculum.
• EEM 334 Digital Systems II
• EEM 486 Computer Architecture
• EEM 336 Microprocessors I
• Digital systems are widespread in use.
• Integrated Circuits that operate on digital data
  are in 95 of every electrical powered device in
  the U.S.
• The job market for engineers and computer
  scientists with Digital Design skills is at high
  and will continue growing.

5
Course Objectives

• To learn how to analyze and design digital
  circuits
• Logic Gates
• Boolean Algebra
• Combinational circuits
• Boolean function, truth table, circuit
• Decoder/Encoder
• Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
• Adder/Subracter/Multiplier
• ALU
• Synchronous sequential circuits
• Latch/Flip-flop
• Moore/Mealy circuits
• Counter
• Register
• RAM/ROM and Programmable Logic Devices

6
Anolog vs. Digital

• Analog Circuit processes signals that can take
  any value across a continuous range of a physical
  quantity.
• Voltage, current, etc.
• Basic elements resistor, capacitor, inductor,
  amplifier, etc.
• Digital Circuit manipulates signals that can
  take only one of two discrete values 0 or 1, low
  or high, true or false.
• Basic elements Logic gate

7
Digital Abstraction

• Digital circuits
• Built with anolog components such as MOS
  transistors
• Deal with anolog voltages and currents
• Digital abstraction of analog signals
• A signal is 1 if it is close enough to VCC
• A signal is 0 if it is close enough to GND
• Digital abstraction allows anolog behavior to be
  ignored - Circuits can be modeled as if the
  digital circuits really did process 0s and 1s.

8
Why Digital?

• Reproducibility
• Given the same inputs, digital circuit generates
  the same outputs.
• The outputs of an analog circuit vary with
  temperature, power-supply voltage, component
  aging, etc.
• Ease of design
• No complicated math skills are needed
• The behavior of small circuits can be understood
  without knowing the details of complicated
  devices.
• Flexibility and functionality
• Different ways to process digitalized data
  (compress, encrypt, store)

9
Why Digital?

• Programmability
• Hardware description language to design circuit
• Speed
• Very fast speed Several gigahertz clock rate
• Economy
• A lot of functionality in a small space
• Millions of transistors on a chip
• Rapidly and steadily advancing technology
• Moores law (Gordon E. Moore, a co-founder of
  Intel)

10
Why Digital?

• Digital data can have additional data added to it
  to allow for detection and correction of errors
• Scratch a CDROM - will still play fine
• Scratch, stretch an analog tape - throw it away
• Digital data can be transmitted over a medium
  that introduces errors that are corrected at
  receiving end
• Satellite transmission of DirectTV - each
  screen image is digitally encoded errors
  corrected when it reaches your digital Set Top
  receiver, shows up as a Perfect Picture.

11
Many Representations of Digital Logic
Logic diagrams
Transistor-level circuit diagrams
Equations Z S A S B
12
Many Representations of Digital Logic
Prepackaged building blocks, e.g. multiplexer
Truth tables