Managing Technological

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CHAPTER 14

• Managing Technological
• Resources

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THE DATA RESOURCE

• DATA A MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCE
• MANAGE DATA KNOWLEDGE AS STRATEGIC RESOURCE
• DATA ASSET ONLY IF AVAILABLE WHEN NEEDED
• RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY USER-MANAGER

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KEY PRINCIPLES IN MANAGING DATA

• 1. NEED TO MANAGE DATA IS PERMANENT
• 2. DATA MAY EXIST AT SEVERAL LEVELS
• 3. KEEP APPLICATION SOFTWARE SEPARATE FROM
  DATABASE

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KEY PRINCIPLES IN MANAGING DATA

• 4. APPLICATION SOFTWARE CLASSIFIED AS TO HOW THEY
  TREAT DATA Data capture, data transfer, data
  analysis presentation
• 5. APPLICATION SOFTWARE CONSIDERED DISPOSABLE
• 6. DATA SHOULD BE CAPTURED ONCE
• 7. SET STRICT DATA STANDARDS

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DATA PYRAMID
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CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION PROCESSING

• RAW DATA CAPTURED/RECEIVED
• INSPECTED FOR QUALITY
• DATA USED IN AUTHORIZED INFORMATION PRODUCT
• DATA RETRIEVED WHEN NEEDED
• OBSOLETE DATA REPLACED
• SECURE UNCONTAMINATED

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TYPES OF DATA STANDARDS

• IDENTIFIER Unique value for each business entity
• NAMING Unique name or label for each type of
  data
• DEFINITION Unambiguous description for each type
  of data
• INTEGRITY RULE Specify legitimate values for a
  data type
• USAGE RIGHTS Security clearances for a data type

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ASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

• PLAN
• SOURCE
• ACQUIRE MAINTAIN
• DEFINE/DESCRIBE INVENTORY
• ORGANIZE MAKE ACCESSIBLE
• CONTROL QUALITY INTEGRITY

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ASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

• PROTECT SECURE
• ACCOUNT FOR USE
• RECOVER/RESTORE UPGRADE
• DETERMINE RETENTION DISPOSAL
• TRAIN CONSULT FOR EFFECTIVE USE

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DATA WAREHOUSE
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DATA OWNERSHIP

• NEED TO PROTECT PERSONAL PRIVACY
• NEED TO PROTECT TRADE SECRETS
• REQUIREMENT TO ALLOW ONLY THOSE WITH NEED TO
  KNOW ACCESS TO SENSITIVE MATERIAL

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DATA OWNERSHIP

• DESIRE TO PROMOTE INTERNAL COMPETITION, JUSTIFY
  USE OF SCARCE RESOURCES
• DESIRE TO SHOW COMMITMENT TO DATA OWNERSHIP
• DESIRE TO USE INFORMATION AS POWER FOR POLITICAL
  GAIN

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TRANSBORDER DATA FLOWS

• ELECTRONIC DATA MOVEMENT ACROSS NATIONAL
  BOUNDARIES CONTROLLED BY LEGISLATION
• PREVENT ECONOMIC/CULTURAL IMPERIALISM
• PROTECT DOMESTIC INDUSTRY
• PROTECT INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY
• FOSTER INTERNATIONAL TRADE

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DATA ADMINISTRATION

• PROMOTE CONTROL DATA SHARING
• ANALYZE IMPACT ON APPLICATIONS OF CHANGES IN DATA
  DEFINITIONS
• MAINTAIN DATA DICTIONARY Consistent encyclopedia
  of data names, definitions, uses

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DATA ADMINISTRATION

• REDUCE REDUNDANT DATA PROCESSING
• REDUCE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE COSTS, IMPROVE
  PRODUCTIVITY
• IMPROVE QUALITY SECURITY OF DATA
• INSURE DATA INTEGRITY

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DATABASE ADMINISTRATION (DBA)

• TUNE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• SELECT EVALUATE DATABASE TRAINING
• CONTROL PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN
• DESIGN METHODS TO RECOVER FROM DATABASE DAMAGE

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DATABASE ADMINISTRATION (DBA)

• SUPERVISE PLACEMENT OF DATABASES ON COMPUTERS
  STORAGE DEVICES
• MANAGE INTERFACE OF DATABASES WITH
  TELECOMMUNICATIONS OTHER TECHNOLOGY

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DATA STEWARD

• ESTABLISHES PROCEDURES GOVERNING DATA ELEMENTS
• ESTABLISHES ACCESS AUTHORIZATION PROCEDURES
• DETERMINES EVALUATES MOST RELIABLE SOURCES OF
  DATA
• MAKES DATA DICTIONARY UNDERSTANDABLE TO USERS
• ENSURES THAT ONLY NEEDED VERSIONS OF EACH DATA
  ELEMENT EXIST

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DATA STEWARD

• ENSURES DATA USED IS MOST APPROPRIATE VERSION
• ASSIGNS RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DATA INTEGRITY
• RESOLVES CONFLICTS CONCERNING SHARABLE DATA
• CONSULTS WITH USERS ON USE OF ELECTRONIC DATA

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TOOLS FOR MANAGING DATA

• 1. DATA MODELING
• ENTERPRISE MODELING
• VIEW INTEGRATION
• 2. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• RELATIONAL DBMS Allows user to filter data with
  specific properties
• STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
• 3. DATA DICTIONARY/DIRECTORY A database about
  data, provides standard names, characteristics,
  uses

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INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT ISSUES

• 1. LOCATION
• 2. THE WORKSTATION
• 3. SUPPORTING OPERATING SYSTEMS
• 4. REDUNDANCY
• 5. SUPPORTING COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS

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INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT ISSUES

• 6. BANDWIDTH
• 7. RESPONSE TIME ON NETWORK
• 8. SECURITY vs EASE OF ACCESS
• 9. BREADTH OF NETWORK ACCESS
• 10. ACCESS TO EXTERNAL DATA SERVICES

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APPLICATIONS PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT ISSUES

• 1. ASSUMED USER Skills? Interfaces? Needed
  software?
• 2. APPLICATION LOCATION Centralized shareable
  resource, or stand-alone?
• 3. PROCESS-DRIVEN OR DATA-DRIVEN DESIGN
• 4. EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR NEW APPLICATIONS
  SYSTEMS

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ROLE OF USER-MANAGER

• 1. MAKE POSITION CLEAR ON CRITICAL
  INFRASTRUCTURAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
• 2. TAKE ACTIVE ROLE IN DATA STEWARDSHIP
• 3. TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR FOLLOWING POLICIES
• 4. DEMAND QUALITY IS ASSET MANAGEMENT

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CHAPTER 14

• Managing Technological
• Resources