EcoHousing in Asia and the Pacific Region

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Eco-Housing in Asia and the Pacific Region
Regional Training Programme on the Design of
Eco-house 8-12 August 2005
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Population
Asia Pacific

• Nearly two-thirds of world population growth is
  in Asia
• Nearly 50 million peoples are being added to Asia
  every year

3
Population

• Projected population in Asia 4.88 billion by
  2030

Source World Population Prospects The 2002
Revision
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Urbanization

• Asia will have an urban population of 2.6 billion
  by 2030

Asia Growing urban proportion
54 (2.6 billion)
37 (1.4 billion)
Urban Population (Millions)
24
Source World Population Prospects The 2002
Revision
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GDP Growth Forecast
6.0
3.1
3.1
2.3

• The global economy is expected to grow at 3.1
  during the 2002-2015
• Asian economy is projected to be growing at 6
  during the same period

Source Global Economic Prospects 2003, World Bank
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Emerging Middle Class
Middle class (million) based on the number of
people who can buy automobiles

• 60s and 70s if a Chinese person wanted to buy a
  bicycle, he had to save for a few years
• Now for some middle class families, it would
  only take 2 to 3 years to save and buy a car

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Growing Service Sector
Projections
60
38
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Urban vs. Rural Energy Consumption
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Emissions from mobile source
SO2 emissions2
Mobile sources are the major emitters of NOx,CO,
particulates, and HC, and in addition contribute
to SOx, lead and CO2.
110 million tons
80 million tons
Mobile sources contribution in Shanghai1
CO HC NOx Current 75 93 44 2010
94 98 75
(million metric tons per year)
Source 1. SEI (2003) 2. www.wri.org
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Impacts of Air Pollution at Different Scales
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Health impacts of air pollution
Regional air pollution
Urban air pollution
Indoor air pollution
Scale of health impacts
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Health Costs of Air Pollution

• Asia1
• An estimated 487,000 premature deaths occur each
  year due to outdoor air pollution.
• China2
• Environmental and health costs of air pollution
  in China is about 7 of GDP budget deficit in
  2003 3.3 of GDP5
• Estimates shows that these costs could rise to
  13 of Chinas GDP by 2020
• Bangkok
• Health cost of air pollution
• 640 million
• 800 million by 2020

Economic Implications of Health Impacts4
Bangkok
Exposed to diesel exhaust6
Exposed to clean air6
Source 1. WHO(2002) 2. State of the World 2003,
World Watch Institute 4. URBAIR project 5. UN,
2004 6 NIES, www.nies.go.jp
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Costs of Air Pollution
Air pollution is becoming a major health threat
in Asian cities
An estimated 487,000 premature deaths in Asia
occur each year due to outdoor air pollution1
A total of 3,547 persons were killed in
international terrorist attacks in 20012
1. WHO (2002)2. USDoS(2002)
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Impact water quantity
2003
Increasing supply to cities
105 million tons grain short fall (largest in the
record)
Increasing temperature
Decreasing supply to agriculture
Decreasing water table
2004
Need to produce 105 m tons (2003 short fall) 15 m
tons (to feed 74 m people who was added in 2004)

• 3 of the 4 warmest years on record came during
  the last 4 years
• 2004 projected to be the 5th consecutive year in
  which the harvest falls short of consumption

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Impact water quality
Urban centers contribute more than 25 of the
sewage in India

• 63 of population in Asia without access to clean
  water
• Infant mortality rates are 10 to 20 times higher
  in cities without adequate water and sanitation

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Import of Petroleum burden on national budget
Total Asian Oil Consumption by 2010 (Barrel /
Day)1
Need to be imported from outside the region 18
24 million b/d
India spends over 3.5 billion on crude petroleum
import annually2.
Gasoline consumption trends in Shanghai, China3
Source 1. Harvard International Review (2003)
2. ESCAP Statistical Year Book 2002 3. M.P.
Walsh, US AEP 2000
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Global Primary Energy Use
Source 1. Volt Viewtech (www.energyloans.org)
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Emissions from residential areas

• Average home emit more than twice as much carbon
  dioxide as the average car1

Source 1. Volt Viewtech (www.energyloans.org)
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Prevention Turning the environmental degradation
curve
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Prevention Vs Mitigation/rehabilitation
Today Tomorrow
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Hybrids
Price 20,810 MSRP Fuel efficiency 23 Km /
litre Saving 5,000 over 15 years
Reduces CO2 by 50 CO, HC and NOx by 90 below
Japanese standards.
Toyota Prius Hybrid
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SOLVE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
SOCIAL BENEFITS

• create domestic jobs
• electricity to remote areas which are not in the
  national power grid

Hydrogen Energy
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• eliminate our dependence on foreign oil
• solve our balance of payments woes
• export opportunities

• solve our air pollution problems
• eliminate oil spills
• reduce noise pollution

water
H2O
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WATER RESOURCES IN NEPAL
Nepal is reach in water resources and among the
worlds top 5 countries in hydropower potential.
H2O
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Prevention
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Regional Expert Consultation
First Expert group meeting 13 September 2005
3 groups were formed, and each of them are
bringing out a white paper on it.
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Demonstration Project Objectives
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Demonstration Project Scope
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Demonstration Project Implementation Arrangement
Guidance
Technical input
Actual construction

• The project will be implemented in full ownership
  of governments, and in collaboration with the
  private sector and expert institutions.
• Development of win-win partnership
  (public-private partnerships)
• eg manufacturers of solar panel.
• Governments will provide land, and other facility
  to enable the demonstration.

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Regional Training Programme
Site Specific Design
Site Specific Design
Site Specific Design