Some Technical Issues

1
Some Technical Issues
2
Contents

• IP-address
• netmask
• gateway
• nameserver(s)
• automatic configuration

3
IP-address

• Unique
• and running short
• routing problems
• 4 octets (8-bit-bytes)
• value of each octet 0-255
• classes of networks (A,B,C, CIDR)

4
A, B, C class networks
5
CIDR
6
CIDR (2)
0
31
16 17
/17
host number
network number
0
31
17 18
/18
host number
network number
7
Netmask and Gateway

• is the IP-address on the local network??
• or do I send it to the gateway

8
Domain Name System
9
Nameserver

• converting names to IP-numbers
• A-records
• TypeA
• Namejca.apc.org
• IP Address210.149.85.82
• converting IP-numbers to names
• PTR-records
• TypePTR
• 82.85.149.210.IN-ADDR.ARPA
• namejca.apc.org

10
Nameserver (2)

• delivering e-mail
• MX-records
• namejca.apc.org
• typeMX
• preference20, mail exchanger ni.jca.apc.org
• preference95, mail exchanger ns.jca.apc.org

11
Networking in Windows

• requires multiple protocols
• NetBEUI for sharing resources or NT-connection
• TCP/IP
• IPX/SPX for Novell
• DLC for managing HP-printers

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Configuration
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Configuration(2)
14
Configuration(3)
15
Configuration(4)
16
Configuration(5)
17
Configuration(6)
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More information

• Networking Personal Computers
• DNS and BIND
• DNS discussions
• http//www.isoc.org/internet/issues/dns/
• http//www.ispo.cec.be/eif/dns/conclusions.html