INTEGRATED TRANSPORT PLAN for eThekwini

1
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT PLAN for eThekwini

• 2005 2010
• Presentation to
• Pavement Forum
• 10 May 2006

2
ETA Mission

• To provide and manage a world-class transport
  system with a public transport focus, providing
  high levels of mobility and accessibility for the
  movement of people and goods in a safe,
  sustainable and affordable manner.

3
Current Transport System

• Developed along apartheid lines workers far
  from job opportunities
• Main focus to move masses over long distances for
  work - am/pm
• Heavy PT subsidy burden to sustain system
• Very low densities hence thresholds for PT to
  work effectively will need major interventions
• 54 PT modal split excellent base to build on

4
Current Transport Trajectory The Burning
Issues

• Optimal Transport System
• including good public transport
• for all

Transport trajectory

• System Failure
• Escalating subsidies
• Declining service levels
• Dilapidated fleet
• Violence in the industry
• Urban sprawl-entrenchment of apartheid land-use
  distribution
• Rapid motorisation
• Poor Accident Record

5
National Public Transport Subsidy
2004 4.1 billion
6
Rapidly Declining Service Levels

• Peak hour commuter travel
• Poor linking of non-work origins and destinations
• Supply driven system

7
Dilapidated Vehicle Fleet

• Rail system closure in less than 15 years
• Bus average age 13 years cf norm of 10 years
  max. age
• Minibus taxi average age 8-10 years cf 5 years
  desirable

8
Cars/1000 Population
Pt 56
Pt 68
Pt34
Pt 55
Pt 26
9
Car Ownership
10
Transport System Performance in the ETA
Key issues in the operating environment
TRANSPORT SYSTEM CHANGES
INSTITUTIONAL
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
FINANCIAL
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

• Absence of powers in ETA Founding Agreement
• Divided powers remaining fragmentation (role of
  other state transport agencies)
• Relationship between ETA and the municipality
• Low capacity of the ETA (manpower shortages -
  staffing)

• Growth of car use accidents
• Increasing traffic congestion overcrowding
• Decline of bus and train passengers
• Deteriorating infrastructure and rolling stock
• Ineffective law enforcement
• Scope and future role of rail freight

• Low priority of transport in the IDP
• Absence of funds for implementation of the ITP
• No support or agreed mechanism for user cost
  recovery
• No commitment to welfare-based public transport
  services

• Absence of staff in the department
• Inadequate understanding of customer needs
• Lack of safety security for passengers
• Uncertainty about future role of train services
• Sustainability of bus services
• Lack of marketing in public transport

• Low accessibility
• Historic neglect of access needs of poor
• Growth of car dependent developments e.g.
  Umhlanga
• Inability to service new growth areas and
  disadvantaged areas

TREND
11
Performance of the transport system the ETA
Key strategic questions
What is the essence of the strategy that is
needed to leverage us from the trend to a more
sustainable scenario?
Sustainable scenario
Trend scenario
What are the current trends, main issues and
challenges?
What are the five or so things that we must do in
the short-term?
12
Strategic actions needed to develop a sustainable
transport system

• 4.
• Ensure spatial plan supports public transport
  corridors
• Support key projects
• Dube Port
• 2010 Cup
• Ensure TIAs include impact of land dev. On public
  transport
• Integrate freight land use planning in around
  Durban harbour

• 3.
• Prioritise public transport facilities
• Develop marketing communication strategy
• Market research for needs of users
• Legalisation of operators
• Contract management
• Safety and security strategy

• 5.
• Source funds for ITP implementation
• Strategy to derive ETA revenue (user charges,
  fuel levy etc)
• Explore other sources (MIG, innovation grant etc)
• Seek guarantees for sustainable subsidy funds

• 1.
• Secure powers for ETA
• Develop human resource strategy (skills
  development recruitment
• Review, update expand traffic transport
  by-laws
• Complete statutory transport plans

• 2.
• TDM measures to restrict car use
• Implement road safety strategy
• Complete apply law enforcement strategy
• Develop freight strategy (routes, hazardous
  materials overloading)

Negative Trend
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
TRANSPORT SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
13
Deficit Cost Of PT

• Rail Subsidy /annum operating R216m
• Subsidy Cost per commuter trip R4.23
• Bus Subsidy /annum operating R198m
• Subsidy Cost commuter trip R4.50
• Minibus Taxi Nil

14
National/Provincial Principles

• PT services affordable
• Responsive to user needs
• Integration of modes
• Customer focus
• PT environmentally friendly
• Law enforcement must be promoted
• PT higher priority than private transport
• PT must be promoted
• Land use transport integration
• Promotion of safety

15
Response to the challenges

• Developed into consolidated draft ITP
• Requirement of NLTTA
• Integrated with IDP

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INTEGRATED TRANSPORT PLAN

• 2005 2010

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ETHEKWINI INTEGRATED TRANSPORT PLAN
Why?

• Major problems in cost, efficiency
  sustainability of urban transport systems
• Lack of integration (within transport, with LU
  planning, with other sectors)
• Policy legislation (NDOT White Paper, NLTTA --)

Context

• Responsive to and integrated with IDP
• Within national/provincial policy
• Incorporates Key City Projects

Planning Period

• Short term focus (5 year) in long term context

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INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Vision
By 2020, eThekwini Municipality will enjoy the
reputation of being Africas most caring and
liveable city, where all citizens live in
harmony. This Vision will be achieved by growing
its economy and meeting peoples needs so that all
citizens enjoy a high quality of life with equal
opportunities, in a city that they are truly
proud of.
19
IDP VISION
ETA Transport Mission
To provide and manage a world-class transport
system with a public transport focus, providing
high levels of mobility and accessibility for the
movement of people and goods in a safe,
sustainable and affordable manner.
20
ITP
21
ITP
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Transport Demand Management
Problems Issues

• Congestion
• Under-utilisation of existing systems
• -rail in paricular
• -road corridors
• Growth trend is unsustainable
• - Yrs 2005 to 2020 ? 50 increase in trips
  by car
• ? 3 decrease in trips by PT
• Freight movement conflict throughout road
  network

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Responses

• Public Transport - Person Trips - setting a
  realistic target Modal Split 55
• - improve PT (services, accessibility,
  security)
• - use TDM measures for example
• Western Freeway (PT/HOV lanes)
• North Coast Rd (PT lane)
• Smith/West St (PT lane)
• Northern Freeway (PT lane)

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TDM Response Strategy
Strategic Response
TRANSPORT DEMAND MANAGEMENT TDM is a key
over-arching strategy in the ITP impacting on the
extent and accommodation of demand over time for
different modes of transport primarily private,
public and freight transport.
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TDM Response Strategy
Private Transport TDM Measures

• Congestion reduction and parking measures
• (short term improvement of traffic and
  parking operations)
• (longer term add in restrictive measures)
• ATC managed traffic flows
• ITS to minimise congestion reduce unnecessary
  travel

26
TDM Response Strategy
Private Transport TDM Measures

• Restructure, upgrade existing PT systems (as in
  PT Plan)
• Increase investment in PT
• (Proposed capex increase )
• (2005/06 9 ? 2009/10 32)
• Set target modal split for 2020
• Current 5248 (publicprivate)
• Trend (2020) 4258
• Target (2020) 5545
• HOV lanes in medium to long term
• Road space reallocation

Public Transport TDM Measures
27
Link City
50 of PT trips along NS corridor Split between
rail,bus,taxi
Isipingo
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Drivers For Transport Demand

• Population growth (1996) 2 770 000
• (2020) 3 048 000

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Trend Scenario (No Intervention by 2020)

• Car usage increases
• PT usage decreases
• 14 more freeway lanes required (CBD alone)
• R250m /annum congestion cost
• 10 more Pine Parkades
• Air Quality CO2 emissions increased
• Unsustainable from a space and energy perspective
• Accident costs R6m/day

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Public Transport Restructuring OPTIONS CONSIDERED

• 9 options evaluated
• 3 mode options with variations

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Modal Economics - results
6 to 7 times more expensive than cheapest mode
Reason New technology new depots, new
signaling, guidance systems, new gauge width etc.
Minibus Taxi
Bus and Midibus
LRT
Trip cost
Rail
1000
20 000
Passenger volumes
34
Least Cost System
Existing system
Rail
Busway
35
Typical Costs

• Gautrain R10b capital only
• Bogota 41km of dedicated ROW 500m
• Monorail for golden mile R600m

Will attract additional subsidy
36
Alt 1 Bus-way
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Alt 2 N-S Rail Corridor
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Least Cost System cont.
 
Annual Cost (in millions)
 
39
Least Cost System cont.
 
Mode shares (1000s of passengers)
 
40
Least Cost System cont.
Level of service
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A Public Transport Strategy for eThekwini

• Improve rail image and maximise
• ridership on N-S line through
• Upgrade rolling stock
• Through Ticketing and Information system
• Feeders to rail

• Optimise the road based system
• Remove duplication
• Use most economical mode

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CBD Circulatory System
Old Fort
Brick hill
Ordnance
Warwick
Market
West
Smith
Point
Shepstone
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• NEW COACH INSIDE
• 30 refurbished train coach sets within the next 5
  years (11/set)
• 5 min frequency in peak

46
Summary of key Implementation Projects
Rollingstock R 750 mil Fixed Perway R 30
mil Transfer hub R 10 mil Auto fare
collec R 14 mil
Pilot project to improve image, reliability and
ridership on N-S rail line
Rail investment motivation report

• Short term

Includes Spatial strategy and LUMS
Development of eThekwini Public Transport Plan,
Durban Transport
Ownership and empowerment
Transport Authority
Ensure integration
Major restructuring and continual optimisation of
system
Longer term
47
TDM Response Strategy
Private Transport TDM Measures

• Densification in support of PT
• (short-medium term)
• (nodes corridors eg. Bridge City N-S
  Corridor)
• Contain urban sprawl
• Note recent housing conf and resolution to
  provide housing close to work

Public Transport TDM Measures
Land Use Development Management Measures
48
TDM Response Strategy
Private Transport TDM Measures

• Adopt User Pays principles
• Regulation of all categories of transport for
• ? increased accessibility
• ? environmental sensitivity
• ? cost effectiveness

Public Transport TDM Measures
Land Use Development Management Measures
Policy Institutional Measures
49
ITP
50
Public Transport
Problems Issues
PT System Overall
? Fragmentation of admin control ?
service planning decisions (eg rail) ?
control of subsidies

• Institutional arrangements

? System service are not user focussed ?
Limited user input (lack of user forums)

• Not Demand Driven

? Lack of service integration ? Inappropriate use
of modes ? Subsidised services in competition

• Functional Economic Inefficiencies

• Subsidy Inefficiency

? Large part of poor community dont benefit from
subsidy
51
PT Enforcement

• ETA not responsible for enforcement e.g.
• Speeding
• Double parking
• Overloading
• Taxi/bus enfringements
• but these issues are critical for the success of
  PT
• ETA has a service level agreement with Metro
  Police about to be rolled out

52
Rail System In Crisis
Declining/Uneconomic Bus Services
Unsustainable Taxi Industry
53
Public Transport Rail Problems Issues

• Dilapidated rolling stock
• Antiquated signalling
• Withdrawal of service
• Unattractive service option

Rail System In Crisis
54
Public Transport Bus Problems Issues
Rail System In Crisis
Declining/Uneconomic Bus Services
Costs
Service

• Non-contract services (170 bus operators)
• - decreasing ridership
• - unprofitable
• - Aging fleet
• - Service cutbacks
• - deteriorating safety

• Escalating subsidies
• Subsidised services in direct competition with
  rail (subsidised) taxi
• Low passenger loads
• Declining passenger service

55
Public Transport Minibus Taxi Problems Issues
Rail System In Crisis
Declining/Uneconomic Bus Services
Unsustainable MinibusTaxi Industry

• Lack of entrepreneurial capacity (limited ability
  to compete for contracts)
• Lack of adequate driver training
• Poor driving (lawlessness)
• Lack of concern for passenger comfort (loud music)

• Competition on routes with subsidised services
  (bus rail)
• Over-trading
• Fleet deterioration
• - breakdowns
• - unsafe operation
• Violence (competition for routes)

56
Bus Modal Strategy
Minibus Taxi Modal Strategy
Rail Modal Strategy
Intermodalism Strategy
Tourism Strategy
Public Transport Restructured, Integrated System
Strategy
LU Restructuring Strategy
Bus Subsidy Strategy
Customer Focus Strategy
Special Needs Service Strategy
NMT Strategy
57
Public Transport Strategy
Rail Strategy

• Upgrade rolling stock on N-S rail line
• New spur line to major transfer point _at_ Bridge
  City
• Kings Park rail station (option for WC2010)

58
Public Transport Strategy
Rail Strategy

• Rationalise Bus Services for greater efficiency
• Upgrade Bus Infrastructure
• - shelters and laybys
• - new Mansfield rank

Bus Strategy
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Public Transport Strategy
Rail Strategy

• Progressive Roll-out of Re-cap
• Fully legalised and regulated
• Infrastructure rationalisation upgrading

Bus Strategy
Minibus Taxi Strategy
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Public Transport Strategy
Rail Strategy

• Through ticketing
• Information systems
• Focus on N-S corridor services

Bus Strategy
Minibus Taxi Strategy
Intermodal Strategy
61

• ETA FLAGSHIP PROJECT

• WARWICK PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESTRUCTURING
  INITIATIVE

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Locality And Context Within The City
CBD
Greyville
Leopold
West
Market
Warwick

• Busiest modal transfer node
• 100000s use this area daily
• Conflict vehicles /ped
• Major intervention is req
• Need to reorganise activities and refocus PT
• Potential for grid lock

Cannongate
Old Dutch
Berea
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Person Trips
90000 vehicles/day through area
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PT Facilities and Terminals
Umgeni
Has 70 of bus ranks and 60 of taxi ranks in
the Central Area
Berea
Berea Station
West St.
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PT Facilities and Terminals

• Need to consolidate
• Need to integrate
• Park Station concept
• Focus around Berea Station

Berea Road Station

• DECK
• OVER

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Pedestrian Movement

• 125 ped accidents /annum
• Unnecessary through traffic

Umgeni
10 000 Walk trips
Berea
Berea Station
West St.
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Phase1 PT Routes
68
Phase2 PT Routes
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The Proposal
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The Proposal
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Leopold St. - Existing
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Leopold St. Showing Overpass
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Old Dutch Road Existing
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Old Dutch Road Showing Overpass
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• ETA FLAGSHIP PROJECT

TIMING START PLANNING 05/06 COMPLETE FOR WC2010
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Public Transport Strategy
Land Use Restructuring Strategy

• Densification along PT corridors/ Nodes (HPPTN)
• Contain urban sprawl
• (residential commercial/ industrial)

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Public Transport Strategy
Land Use Restructuring Strategy

• Passenger Service Charter
• Quality Service Charter
• Customer call centre as part of Information
  System

Customer Focus
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Public Transport Strategy
Land Use Restructuring Strategy

• People Mover System in CBD (one of Key City
  Projects for World Cup Soccer 2010)

Customer Focus Strategy
Tourism Strategy
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ITP
80
Road System
Problems Issues

• Urban Congestion
• Mobility and Accessibility
• - rural
• - freight
• - urban commuters
• Land Take-Up
• Pollution
• Safety Issues
• Cost

81
Road System Response Strategy
Priority to PT in Transport System Planning
Development

• Refer to Public Transport and TDM Strategies

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Road System Response Strategy
Priority to PT in Transport System Planning
Development
Accessibility Focus 8 Projects

• Improving access to local communities,
• linking areas of need to well resourced areas
• Focus isolated rural, peri-urban, also regional
  
• linkages of isolated urban areas
• Regional
• ? MR 577
• Rural -rural transport strategy being
  developed
• Key area - EPWG Roads Programme

Focussed/ Selective Investment in Roads
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Benchmarking - Road Density
Developing Countries Urban areas
High Income Countries Urban areas
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Road System Response Strategy
Priority to PT in Transport System Planning
Development
Freight Movement Focus 2 Projects

• Edwin Swales (N2 to Titren)
• Bayhead Rd Ext. over S. Freeway

Focussed/ Selective Investment in Roads
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Road System Response Strategy
Bottleneck Elimination/Economic Dev. - 30
Projects
Priority to PT in Transport System Planning
Development

• Focus on effective functioning of key economic
  centres,
• unconstrained by bottlenecks eg.
• Cannongate
• M4/Quality St. Interchange
• Stanger St./Argyle Interchange
• N2/Cornubia Interchange
• Nandi Drive
• Booth and Francois Roads
• South Coast (Bayhead to M7)
• North Coast (Verulam-Phoenix thru Mt
  Edgecombe)
• Others

Focussed/ Selective Investment in Roads
86
Road System Response Strategy
Priority to PT in Transport System Planning
Development
Public Transport Focus - 3 Major Projects

• Current focus on maintenance/upgrade of heavily
  trafficked PT routes
• S. Freeway Rehab
• W. Freeway Rehab
• N. Coast Rd Upgrade

Focussed/ Selective Investment in Roads
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Road System Response Strategy
Priority to PT in Transport System Planning
Development
Capacity Focus 8 Projects

• Locations with major capacity problems impacting
  on wider community
• Shepstone/Point Rd one way pair
• Inanda Arterial (EW)
• Cato Manor Arterial (NS)
• Brickfield Rd (Sparks to N3)

Focussed/ Selective Investment in Roads
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Road System Response Strategy
Priority to PT in Transport System Planning
Development
Roads Supporting Key City Projects

• La Mercy I/c on N2 linked to
• King Shaka/
• Link to R102 Dube T.P.

Focussed/ Selective Investment in Roads
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ITP
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Road Safety
Problems Issues
Overall Context (Year 2003) ? Total
Accidents 4533 ? Total Deaths
742 costs R6 million / day
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Total Accidents 4533 Total Deaths
742 (Year 2003)
Road Safety Problems Issues
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High Accident Locations
Phoenix 1522 EAN
High risk ped zones
KwaMashu 3004 EAN
CBD 5992 EAN
Chatsworth 1675 EAN
Umlazi 3622 EAN
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Total Accidents 4533 Total Deaths
742 (Year 2003)
Pedestrian Accidents
Road Safety Problems Issues
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Total Accidents 4533 Total Deaths
742 (Year 2003)
Pedestrian Accidents
Road Safety Problems Issues
Driver Accidents Age Profile
Taxi vs Other Vehicle Accidents
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Current Accident Situation
Phoenix 1591 EAN
High risk Minibus taxi zones
KwaMashu 1497 EAN
Pinetown 1144 EAN
CBD 3304 EAN
Umlazi 1536 EAN
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Road Safety Problems Issues
Integrated Response
97

• Institutional structures/arrangements
• Resourcing (staff/funds)
• Information
• Develop as Life Skill

Road Safety Problems Issues

• Targeting worst areas of City in most vulnerable
  groups-
• pedestrians school going age (eg. traffic
• calming around schools)
• pedestrians 20-30 years in CBD

• All drivers (focus on male 20-30 years)
• eg. booze bus operations
• Public transport safety with specific prep for
  Soccer World Cup

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ITP
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Freight Movement
Problems Issues

• Unsafe operator behaviour on roads
• Overloading
• Lack of hazchem routes
• Pollution
• Law enforcement
• Limited emergency services

• Road/Rail freight mix
• Port planning process
• Container terminal access
• Durban harbour access
• Airport access
• Road congestion

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Freight Movement Response Strategy
Freight Plan

• Phases 1-3 Complete
• ? 1 Status Quo
• 2 - 3 User service provider
• views
• (needs, problems, issues)
• Completion of Plan (in progress)

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Freight Movement Response Strategy

• Road-based plans
• Hazchem routes
• Freight route network
• Abnormal load network
• Joint investigation on short term
  intervention to Bayhead

Freight Plan
Planning Projects
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Freight Movement Response Strategy

• Edwin Swales
• (upgrade N2 to Titren Rd)
• Bayhead Rd Ext. and local roads upgrade
• (over S. Fwy with new Khangela bridge access
  route to Edwin Swales)
• Implementation of Hazchem routes
• Upgraded freight management infrastructure

Freight Plan
Planning Projects
Capital Roads Projects
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ITP
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Soccer World Cup 2010
Planning Strategies
Development of Integrated Event Management Plan
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Soccer World Cup 2010 Strategy

• Phase 1 (Interim People Mover) by 2006
• Phase 1-
• ? special 35 seater upmarket tourist bus
• service
• ? routes in CBD connecting key activity
• centres/points of interest
• ? high security, timed transfers, through
  ticketing

Development of Integrated Event Management Plan
People Mover Project
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Soccer World Cup 2010 Strategy
Development of Integrated Event Management Plan
People Mover Project
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Soccer World Cup 2010 Strategy

• By 2010 more sophisticated mode system
  CBD SYSTEM

Development of Integrated Event Management Plan
People Mover Project
108
Soccer World Cup 2010 Strategy
Development of Integrated Event Management Plan

• New station to accommodate rail travel to major
  sporting events
• (focus on World Cup service standards)

People Mover Project
Kings Park Rail Station
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ITP
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Funding (Capex)
Problems Issues

• Investment backlog in transport system
• Current funding sources and levels unlikely to
  address backlog
• Inconsistency in levels and continuity of funding
• Growing need for transport investment
• Direct budget allocation unlikely to rise
  significantly and in real terms could decrease
  annually

111
Funding (Capex) Response Strategy

• Explore develop new local funding sources with
  potential eg.
• Private off-street parking levy
• Transport related municipal advertising
• Enforcement fines (various road user groups)
• Development levy
• Explore develop external funding sources eg.
• Banking institutions
• KZN growth fund
• MIG funding
• Taxes and levies

112
Capex Funding Response Strategy

• Identify possible policy legislation change
  requirements to develop new funding strategies
• Identify introduce pilot funding project(s)

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Conclusions

• ITP prepared i.t.o. National Guidelines
• Proactive approach adopted
• Combination of capacity improvements TDM
• 5 year plan incorporates WC2010 requirements
• PT legacy/environmentally sustainable
• Funding sources/PPP to be explored
• ITP sets a strong foundation for restructuring

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ETA