Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention

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The function of protecting and developing
health must rank even above restoring it when
impaired Hippocrates
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Wk III Health Promotion

• Guest Speaker Natalie Moody

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Agenda

• Working definitions
• health promotion
• disease prevention
• Population Health Promotion Model
• History of health promotion
• Health Promotion strategies
• Discussion and critique of readings
• Comments on Critical Annotated Bibs

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Health Promotion

• The process of enabling people to take control
  over and to improve their health
• The process of enabling individuals and
  communities to increase control over the
  determinants of health and thereby improve their
  health

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• the art and science of preventing disease,
  prolonging life and promoting health and
  well-being through organized community effort for
  the sanitization of the environment, control of
  communicable infections the education of the
  individual in personal health and the development
  of social machinery to ensure a standard of
  living adequate for the maintenance of
  improvement health C.E.A. Winslow 1920

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PREREQUISITES FOR HEALTH

• Peace
• Shelter
• Food
• Education
• Social Security
• Social Relations
• Empowerment of Women

• Stable Ecosystem
• Income
• Sustainable Resources
• Social Justice
• Respect for Human Rights
• Equity

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Population Health Promotion Model (Hamilton
Batti)
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The Evolution

• Lalonde report, 1974
• Achieving Health for All ,1986
• Ottawa Charter (1986), Adelaide (1988), Sundsvall
  (1991), Jakarta (1997), Bangkok (2005)
• Strategies for Population Health, 1994
• Action Statement for Health Promotion, 1996
• Federal Commissions
• Integrated Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy,
  2005
• Achieving Health and Wellness Provincial
  Wellness Plan of Newfoundland and Labrador, 2006

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Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
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Leading Causes of Death/Disability

• Heart Disease
• Stroke
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Chronic Respiratory Disease
• Arthritis
• Injuries

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Chronic Disease Clock

• Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control
  (CCDPC)

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The Costs

• Globally 35,000,000 people died in 2005 from
  chronic diseases
• 72 in low or lower middle income countries, 28
  in upper middle or high income countries
• 153,000 people in Canada die of major chronic
  diseases every year at a cost of 93 billion to
  the health care system
• Unhealthy eating costs 126 million annually in
  NL
• Smoking costs 218 million annually in NL

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The Benefits of Health Promotion

• 70 of chronic diseases can be prevented through
  healthy eating, physical activity and reduction
  of tobacco use
• Reducing fat intake by 1-3 would save 4-13
  billion over 10 years (US)
• 1 invested in physical activity reduces health
  care costs by 3
• WHO estimates a 2 annual reduction in chronic
  diseases over the next 10 years would result in
  an economic gain of 1 billion

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Health Promotion Strategies
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Effective Programs

• Guide to Community Preventive Services
• An Ounce of PreventionWhat Are The Returns
• Public Health Agency of Canada Best Practices

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Challenges and Limitationsto Health Promotion

• Paying today for tomorrows benefit
• Large benefits to populations, small benefits for
  individuals
• Nature of evidence
• Societal values
• Intersectoral collaboration
• Real change vs. easy fix

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What are the differences betweenHealth
Promotionand Disease Prevention?
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Health Promotion vs. Disease Prevention

• Health Positive, multidimensional
• Participatory
• Aimed at population as a whole
• Concerns a network of health issues
• Facilitating and enabling approaches
• Incentives offered to population

• Health Absence of Disease
• Medical Model
• Aimed at high-risk groups in the population
• Concerns a specific pathology
• One shot strategy
• Directive and persuasive

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Health Promotion vs. Disease Prevention

• Programs focus mainly on individuals and groups
  of subjects
• Preventive programs are affair of professional
  groups from health disciplines

• Changes in mans status environment sought by
  program
• Non-professional orgs, civic groups, local,
  municipal, regional, national govts essential

Source Statchenko and Jenicek, 1990 see also
CTFPHC website