The Behavioral Era of Management

1
The Behavioral Era of Management The People
Side

• The birth of the personnel office around 1900
• The area of study industrial Psychology 1913
• Passing of the Wagner Act 1935
• The Human Relations Movement 1930s through
  1950s

2
What is Org. Behavior? Why is it an important
area of study?

• An area of study based on the behavioral approach
  to management
• Characteristics of this area of study
• A way of thinking about behavior in orgs.
• Studies conducted primarily at the individual and
  group level of analysis
• Multidisciplinary

3
What is Org. Behavior Cont

• Change is a desirable outcome
• Humanistic Tone
• Performance Oriented/Application Based
• Follows an Open Systems approach
• Uses the Scientific Method
• Purpose to understand, explain, predict, control
  employee behavior in order to work and manage the
  best possible way and be an efficient/effective
  organization

4
Question what types of work behaviors are of
interest to study?

• Those centered around Joining the Org.
• Those centered around remaining with the Org.
• Those centered around maintaining work attendance
• Those centered around job performance
• Those centered around org. citizenship

5
Research Terminology

• Variable any characteristic that can be
  measured and changes in either amplitude,
  intensity or both.
• Hypothesis a statement of the relationship
  between two or more variables. Needs to be
  confirmed by empirical research.

6
Terminology

• Dependent Variable the variable the researcher
  is trying to explain or predict.
• Independent Variable the variable that
  influences the DV and is the presumed cause of
  some change in the DV.

7
Terminology

• Moderating Variable is a contingency variable.
  It has an effect on the IV DV relationship. If
  X (IV) then Y (DV) will occur, but only under
  conditions of Z (moderating variable).

8
Correlation Coefficient

• A statistic that is used to indicate the strength
  of the relationship between two or more
  variables.
• Ranges between -1.00 (a perfect negative
  relationship and 1.00 (a perfect positive
  relationship.
• Vary directly positive
• Vary indirectly negative
• Vary independently 0 correlation

9
Theory Building

• A Theory a general set of propositions that
  describe interrelationships among several
  concepts. This can be described in words or
  depicted graphically in a model. We often refer
  to theories as models.

10
Theory Building Continued

• We form theories to help us predict and explain
  whats going on around us. A good theory is
  clear and the concepts can be measured.
• We form theories by drawing on personal
  experience, definitions, observation, past
  research, identifying patterns of relationships.

11
Research Methods

• Laboratory Experiments
• Field Studies/Surveys or Questionnaires
• Observational Research

12
Some key elements of a research paper

• Introduction
• Focused review of appropriate literature
• Development of hypotheses
• Statements of explicit hypotheses to be tested
• Methods (e.g. sample, measures, variables, data
  analysis strategy/methods
• Results
• Summary/conclusions/recommendations