Needs of Micronutrient Food Fortification'

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Needs of Micronutrient Food Fortification.

• Omar Dary, Ph.D.
• MOST/The USAID Micronutrient Program

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Theoretical Micronutrient Intakeby the
Consumption of 200 g/day Wheat Flour
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Dietary Profile of Developing Countries.
Data from the Philippines (1998), Nicaragua
(1993), Mexico (2000) and Bangladesh (1995-96).
Vitamin A from plants adjusted to factor
112, and iron assumed for a 5 bioavailable diet.
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Identified Micronutrient Deficiencies in the
Region
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Estimated Micronutrient Intake by the Consumption
of 200 g/day Fortified Wheat Flour
Note Dietary Folate Equivalents may be 1.7 more,
and perhaps twice Vitamin B-12 due the larger
absorption of the synthetic forms.
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Estimated Micronutrient Intake for Adult Males by
the Consumption of400 g/day Refined Wheat Flour
Note Dietary Folate Equivalents may be 1.7 more,
and perhaps twice Vitamin B-12 due the larger
absorption of the synthetic forms.
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Estimated Micronutrient Intake for Adult Females
by the Consumption of200 g/day Refined Wheat
Flour
Note Dietary Folate Equivalents may be 1.7 more,
and perhaps twice Vitamin B-12 due the larger
absorption of the synthetic forms.
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Estimated Micronutrient Intake for 4-6 years old
Children by the Consumption of 100 g/day Refined
Wheat Flour
Note Dietary Folate Equivalents may be 1.7 more,
and perhaps twice Vitamin B-12 due the larger
absorption of the synthetic forms.
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Estimated Micronutrient Intake for 1-3 years old
Children by the Consumption of 50 g/day Refined
Wheat Flour
Note Dietary Folate Equivalents may be 1.7 more,
and perhaps twice Vitamin B-12 due the larger
absorption of the synthetic forms.
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Estimated Impact of the Consumption of Fortified
Wheat Flour at Different Ages
Note Dietary Folate Equivalents may be 1.7 more,
and perhaps twice Vitamin B-12 due the larger
absorption of the synthetic forms.
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Coverage Depends on Proportion of Population
Consuming the Foods
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(No Transcript)
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Relationship between RNI and UL.
UL 1-as retinol 2- nicotinic acid 3- folic
acid.
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Micronutrient Supply per Serving Mexico (?180
kcal)( RNI-adult)
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Estimated Situation for a Mexican Child
Child (5 y.o.) consuming usual diet enriched
hot cakes, chocolate bar, sugar-base beverage.
Estimations made by Christine Hotz, Institute of
Public Health, Mexico, 2003.
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Keeping the Metabolic Homeostasis of the Human
Being
Modified from the International Programme on
Chemical Safety (IPCS), 2002.
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Conclusions 1

• Food fortification is necessary for developed and
  developing countries.
• Fortification introduces essential nutrients in
  processed foods improving their suitability for
  human nutrition.
• Fortification is able to improve nutritional
  quality of starchy diets.

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Conclusions 2

• Regulation of fortification is important to avoid
  risks due to promiscuous fortification.
• Fortification regulations would depend on
  knowledge of human metabolism and nutrient
  content of the usual diet.
• Use of other strategies such as preventive
  supplementation and targeted fortified foods
  (sometimes subsidized) is still necessary to
  prevent micronutrient deficiencies for some at
  risk groups.

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Micronutrient Levels (mg/kg) and Cost of
Fortification
Continues in next table..
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Micronutrient Levels (mg/kg) and Cost of
Fortification
Includes cost of filling material. In general,
the fortificant cost is equivalent to 90, and
therefore the total cost is estimated in US
4.20/M.T. ? 18 NIS/M.T. which already includes
transportation and taxes.