NEKB28 VT2009 Lecture plan: Alia Ahmad

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NEKB28VT2009Lecture plan Alia Ahmad

• 21/04 Population growth and development
• 23/04 urbanization, migration, employment and
  labour market
• 27/04 - Education and health
• 29/04 Institutions and development

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Lecture 8. Population growth and development
Chapter 6

• Topics
• 1. Trends in population growth for recent facts
  visit the website of UNFPA
• 2. Definition of key terms
• 3. Two-way relationships between population
  growth and the economy
• Determinants of population growth the theory of
  demographic transition the role of economic
  growth and development
• Effects of population growth on economic growth
  and development
• 4. Population policies

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• 2. Definition of key terms
• -- rate of population growth natural
  increase without migration
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Fertility rate - age-specific and total
  fertility rate (TFR)
• Demographic structure
• Demographic transition
• Echo effect macro inertia
• Micro inertia

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• 3. Determinants/causes of population growth
• The Malthusian theory of population
• Causes of population growth
• Effects of population
• Limitation of Malthusian theory
• The theory of demographic transition macro-level
  analysis

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Microeconomic theories of fertility

• Beckers demand theory of fertility
• Utility maximization indifference curve with
  tradeoffs between goods and children
• Costs of children and other goods
• Price and wage effects

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• Strength of Beckers model
• Child bearing is not just a matter of taste but
  has economic dimensions
• the effect of changing wages and prices on
  fertility behaviour in developed countries

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• Limitations of Beckers model
• Its direct application to LDCs is difficult. It
  ignores
• socio-economic structures and the value of
  children to families and individuals
• the role of uncertainty

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• Easterlins General Model of Fertility
  Determination
• Desired fertility
• Supply of children - uncertainty
• Costs of fertility regulation

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• Does economic growth and development reduce
  fertility?
• Identify the channels using Becker/Easterlins
  broad framework

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• 3. Effects of population growth on economic
  growth Different standpoints Population growth
  in development theories.
• The pessimists view
• Optimists views
• The revisionists synthesis of ideas

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• New ideas on the linkages between economic growth
  and demographic transition.
• The experiences of East and Southeast Asian
  countries confirm the contribution of demographic
  transition to economic growth.

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• 4. Is there a need for population control and
  policies?
• Arguments for government intervention - market
  failures?

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• The need for selective interventions
• Identify key intervention areas
• Gender and population policies

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Lecture 9 Urbanisation, migration and
unemployment Chapter 7

• Topics
• Urbanisation
• Migration and the labour market in developing
  countries
• Unemployment and labour market policies

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• Urbalization
• The growth of megacities and its impact on
  well-being
• Causes of urbanisation industrial
  concentration, migration and population growth
• Causes of industrial concentration centripetal
  and centrifugal forces
• The role of economic policies and the pattern of
  urbanisation
• The impact of globalisation in recent years

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• 2. Migration and the labour market
• Dualism between urban and rural areas the role
  of migration in ending dualism recall Lewis
  model
• The urban labour market
• the formal sector
• Informal sector
• urban unemployment / underemployment

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• Explaining rural/urban migration under massive
  urban unemployment - Harris-Todaro model
• Urban-rural wage gap
• Expected wage rate and migration response
• Equilibrium with urban unemployment

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• Does Harris-Todaro model fit the reality?
• The role of pull and push factors
• The informal sector attracting migration
• Study Figure 7.8 in page 340 of the textbook

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• Is migration bad?
• For individuals?
• For society (externalities) and the economy (high
  costs of infrastructure)?

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• 3. Dealing with unemployment - policies
• Focusing on the supply-side and demand-side
  factors

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Lecture 10. Education and health Chapter 8

• Topics
• Importance of education and health
• The state of education and health in poor
  countries
• The demand for education
• The supply of education
• Financing and provision of health services

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• 1. Importance of education and health
• Intrinsic value
• Instrumental value

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• 2. State of education and health in developing
  countries
• attainment
• quality
• equity

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• 3. The demand for education
• Cost-benefit analysis at household level - the
  human capital approach
• Social cost benefit analysis ( read the article
  by Emmanuel Jimenez and Harry Anthony Patrinos,
  Can Cost-Benefit Analysis Guide Education Policy
  in Developing Countries?, World Bank (2007)

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• The demand for education in poor countries
• High demand among the better-offs.
• Paradoxical situation - over-investment in
  education in spite of of unemployment
• the poor lack access
• Why?
• Is there a failure in education policies?

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• 4. The role of the supply-side of education in
  response to demand -
• The public sector can one use cost-benefit
  analysis?
• public expenditure in education
• educational policies allocation of resources to
  different levels

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• The private sector - for-profit and not-for
  profit
• Inequality in the access and quality of education
  and poverty trap
• Quality of public schools

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• 5. Provision of Healthcare current issues, poor
  progress in health-related MDGs.
• Private and public investment in health
  preventive and curative care
• Inequality in access and quality of health care
  in poor countries

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• Financial and institutional aspects
• The problem of financing
• The role of the state as financier and provider
  of health

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Lecture 11 The role of state, market and
NGOs/CSOs/CBOs Chapter 11World Bank website
topics Participation and social sector, public
sector and governance and private sector
development

• Definition of some terms
• Economic system
• Institutions
• Organizations
• Market and State as institution and organization

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• Arguments for government intervention
• Government involvement in development planning

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• Ways of intervention
• Planning in a mixed economy
• -macro or aggregate level Harrod-Domar and
  Two-Gap models
• -sector-wide approach inter-industry or
  input-output model
• -project-level cost-benefit analysis

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• Other examples of government intervention -
• direct and indirect
• Direct production and provision of goods and
  services
• Regulation through administrative and financial
  instruments, for example, requirements for
  licenses, taxes, subsidies.

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• Direct
• Governance financing and provision of education,
  health, infrastructure, law and order, judicial
  system and production of specific goods.
• Regulatory role of the government

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• Risks of government failure and reforms
• Economic reforms and private sector development
• Reforming the state sector improving
  governance/reducing corruption through greater
  accountability and transparency
• The role NGOs, CBOs as complementary institutions