Applications of In-Vehicle Navigation Systems

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Applications of In-Vehicle Navigation Systems
Private Use
Peggy Ann Pinette SIE 510 1-27-04
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Objectives of VNS

• To provide the user with customized best route
  information from their location of origin to a
  destination.
• Provide estimated time of arrival and route
  distance.
• Provide travel information
• POIs (points of interest), Ski resorts, Theatre,
  Golf courses, Universities, Hospitals, Police
  stations, Restaurants, Bank Locations.
• May provide Real time Traffic Linked Maps.
• Traffic information
• Weather
• Road construction
• Provide rerouting instructions in the event of a
  road closure or the driver wants to change the
  route and/or destination.

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The Navigation System must be able to perform a
Location Keeping Function

• The VNS model must be able to translate between
  street addresses and x, y coordinates i.e.,
  Geocode.
• The user typically enters a street address to
  locate his destination.
• The vehicles GPS system uses longitude and
  latitude.
• The models may use 4 levels of match rates when
  Geocoding
• Exact location to the exact connectivity
  position on the network.
• Block face based on an interpolated position on
  the network.
• Vicinity location is linked to the correct road
  segment.
• Zip code location is linked to the correct
  postal zip 4 code.
• The VNS model performs Map-Matching.
• This is the ability to snap a vehicles
  position to the location on the digital map
  display using the road network geometry.
• This ensures the vehicles position is registered
  properly to the correct location.
• It also reduces errors in an Intelligent
  Transportation System which may use dead
  reckoning (DR) to locate a vehicle between GPS
  fixes. (ITS use combination of DGPS and DR).

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The Nav System performs an Output Communication
Function.

• Information delivered to the driver may be
  verbal.
• Verbal instructions are executed in a clear,
  concise, calm manner so not to distract the
  driver.
• Information displayed on a map.
• Displays a reference map window from where the
  vehicle is located, i.e., the general vicinity of
  the vehicle.
• The map can have a different orientation (other
  than North) so the driver can understand the
  heading the vehicle is traveling according to the
  real world around him.
• The maps can be displayed at different scales.
• For viewing smaller areas with greater detail.
• For generalized views at small scales to be used
  when Pathfinding over large distances.
• A major mapping company, Tele Atlas, Inc.,
  provides a datum with Scales range from 1 1/32
  mile to 1 128 miles on a navigation display.

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Real Time Traffic Report Map Display on
Navigation Screen Available on the Internet
and via Wireless Services such as
OnStarwww.gatewayguide.com
Road construction. Roadway reduced to one lane on
NEW FLORISSANT RD South and I-70Impact Report
Time 229 PM Estimated clear time January 31st
Operator Info SOUTHBOUND FLORISSANT ROAD FROM
EVANS LANE TO THE UMSL ENTRANCE RESTRICTED TO ONE
LANE FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION. R
Example of ITS (Intelligent Transportation
System) output. Datum supplied by Tele Atlas
Inc.. Realtime traffic reported by the Missouri
DOT.
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When Pathfinding, a Best Route Function is
applied to the Network Dataset

• The model uses the Shortest Path (or Least Cost
  Route) analysis in terms of time distance to be
  traveled.
• The movement from node to node through a network
  is subject to measures of resistance, eg. speed
  limits, or the condition of a road surfaces.
• The model should store attributes eg. number of
  lanes and their width.
• Stores restrictive information such as allowable
  truck weight limits.
• Should allow for movement constraints, such as
  one way streets, on-off ramps, traffic lights,
  etc.
• The model should be flexible and allow the user
  to specify a preferred route
• Shortest
• Fastest, or
• Alternative path
• The system should have memory capable of storing
  previous route information.

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Shortest Path Algorithm Example
Jones, Christopher, 1997,Geographical Information
Systems and Computer Cartography, p226.
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A Navigation System requires a Road
Network,Relational Geographic Database

• Tele Atlas, Inc. (a major digital map service
  provider) Road Networks
• Offers seamless coast to coast coverage in the
  U.S., Canada, also, 18 European countries,
  Singapore, Hong Kong, and Australia.
• Claims horizontal positional accuracy between 5
  to 12 meters.
• Dynamic rerouting and drive time estimates are
  enabled by direct links to embedded location IDs
  of map elements in relational data tables.
• Turn by turn functionality, i.e., has the ability
  to deliver turn by turn directions to the driver.
• Embedded location codes in the database make it
  easier to update the database.
• Supported file formats GDF ASCII, ESRI
  Shapefile, Oracle Spatial, MapInfo Tab, RMF.
• Stores locations for millions of Points of
  Interests (POIs) in related attribute tables.
  (Restaurants, Hospitals, Banks, Tourist
  Information Centers, Golf courses, Universities,
  Theatres ).

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Tele Atlas Database (cont.)

• Tele Atlas database is continually improved
  using ortho-rectified aerial photos, satellite
  images, government maps, and field data capture
  to reposition vector features to real world
  geographic locations.
• Their Database is updated twice a year.
• Geometry attributes Centerlines for roads,
  railways, ferry lines streams Polygons for
  lakes, land cover, administrative areas, postal
  districts Points for city centers, junctions,
  POIs
• Enhanced and current Geocoding using Census TIGER
  roads and USPS Zip4.

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An Example of an Intelligent Transportation
System
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• OnStar, a subsidiary of General Motors Corp.
• Uses GPS and wireless technology and a digital
  map database to link the driver and the vehicle
  to the OnStar center.
• Provides real time automatic air bag
  notification, stolen vehicle tracking, emergency
  services, remote door unlock, remote vehicle
  diagnostics, route support
• According to the OnStar companys current
  estimates over 4 million vehicles have the
  OnStar System.

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OnStar /In-Vehicle Navigation System Screen
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Examples of OnStar/Navigation System User
Interactive Menus
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OnStar Menus (cont.)
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OnStar Menus (cont.) Destination Entry
Methodschosen by Known Intersection names,
Street address, Phone number, Freeway
entrance/exit number, Emergency facilities name
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Thank you for your attention,
References Tele Atlas North America, Inc.
http//www.na.teleatlas.com Missouri Department
of Transportations Gateway Guide http//www.gatew
ay.com OnStar Communications http//onstar.intern
etpressroom.com Jones, Christopher,
1997,Geographical Information Systems and
Computer Cartography, p226. Miller, H. and S.
Shaw. 2001 Geographic Information Systems for
Transportation. OxfordOxford University
Press White, M.. 1991. Car Navigation Systems in
Geographical Information Systems. Ed. Maguire,
D., Goodchild, M. New York John Wiley and Sons.
Volume 1.pp.373-384. TomTom Navigator http//www.
tomtom.com/index.php?Language1