Whats New in Ocean Science Technology

1
Whats New in Ocean Science Technology?

• Laura Lorenzoni
• Remy Luerssen
• Dave Palandro

2
Who are we and why are we here?

• Introductions
• Learn more about their current methods and
  examples
• Ice breakers

3
Why add Ocean Science examples to your methods?

• Multi-disciplinary
• Biology - Chemistry
• Physics - Geology
• Computer Science
• All examples fit into Florida Sunshine Standards
• Real-life application
• History of measurements and tools
• Examples from each discipline

4
Life in the Ocean
5
State the Problem

• Want to learn about this different ecosystem
• What are the differences in environment?
• What kind of life occupies these environments and
  how do/did they adapt?
• How was this environment formed?

6
Tools for Observation

• Surface measurements of temperature and salinity
• Low power microscope for looking at
  microorganisms
• Visual observation of sea life and other
  phenomena
• Coastal sampling

7
New Tools

• ALVIN/ROV/AUV

8
ALVIN
AUVs
From National Geographic.coms Robert Ballard
story
From University of Washingtons Seaglider page
9
New Tools

• ALVIN/ROV/AUV
• High powered microscopes

10
From Northern Arizona University Electron
microscope page
Electron Microscope
From Columbia University Tiny Wonderland of
Electron Microscope Is Revealed at Exhibition
story
11
New Tools

• ALVIN/ROV/AUV
• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments
• Gene probes

12
In situ Flow Cytometer
From National Cancer Institute page on gene
markers
From WHOI article on An in situ flow cytometer
for the optical analysis of individual particles
in seawater
Gene Probe/DNA Analysis
13
New Tools

• ALVIN/ROV/AUV
• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments
• Gene probes
• High pressure range instruments

14
From Seabird website
From Ocean Instruments website
Deep Sea Corer
Deep Sea CTD
From JGOS cruise and data inventory website
15
New Tools

• ALVIN/ROV/AUV
• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments
• Gene probes
• High pressure range instruments
• Underwater cameras/videos
• SCUBA research diving

16
Underwater Video
From Pawel Achtel High Definition Underwater
Cinematography website
SCUBA research diving
From Emmanuel Boss, University of Maine website
17
New Tools

• ALVIN/ROV/AUV
• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments
• Gene probes
• High pressure range instruments
• Underwater cameras/videos
• SCUBA research diving
• Remote sensing and sonar

18
Remote Sensing
http//imars.marine.usf.edu/
19
Sonar
20
New Tools

• ALVIN/ROV/AUV
• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments
• Gene probes
• High pressure range instruments
• Underwater cameras/videos
• SCUBA research diving
• Remote sensing and sonar
• Paleomagnetism

21
From Ocean Drilling program site
22
Application

• Your ideas
• Some suggestions from us
• Show videos taken from ALVIN or divers
• Look at profile data from ocean to discuss
  structure and location of mins and maxs
• Look at remote sensing of your area and relate to
  circulation and abundant fish locations

23
Global Warming
24
Problem

• Global warming affects us all.
• The Earth has warmed up by about 0.6C in the
  last 100 years.
• Man-made emissions of greenhouse gases have
  increased (burning of fossil fuels and
  deforestation)

25
Tools for Observation

• CO2 measurements (Mauna Loa)
• Ice core measurements (Only back 100,000 yrs)
  based on ice deposition
• Scattered shipboard sea surface temperature
  measurements
• Rough estimates of ice thickness in the poles

26
New Tools

• Satellite images

(Larsen B Ice Shelf)
From NASA MODIS instrument, 2002
27
New Tools

• Ice core analysis
• Methane
• CO2
• deuterium
• dust flux
• Gas Age
• Ice Age
• temperature difference from present

NASA
28
New Tools

• Environmental gas estimates-more accurate and
  long-term

• Automated SST measurements throughout all the
  oceans

29
New Tools

• Better understanding of ocean circulation Global
  Conveyor Belt, and of glaciations

From Gateways to Glaciation, ODP
30
New Tools

• Access to deep ocean sediments to understanding
  how Earth's climate could change

From Ocean Drilling program site
31
Application

• Your ideas
• Some suggestions from us
• Look at trends in CO2 emissions in your local
  area
• Look at interannual variability in sea surface
  temperature (remote sensing or in situ)
• Watch The Day After Tomorrow and have students
  discuss the reality of the movies premise

32
Lab Tour
33
Water Quality
34
State the Problem

• What is normal water quality?
• How can we monitor water quality?
• What things affect water quality?
• What are the major effects of bad water quality?

35
Tools for Observation

• Surface measurements of nutrients and physical
  parameters
• Low power microscope for observing particles in
  the ocean
• Visual observation of the effects of poor water
  quality (i.e. dead fish or mammals)
• Coastal and river water sampling

36
New Tools

• High powered microscopes

37
From WHOI article red tides
EM photos
38
New Tools

• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments

39
FlowCAM
From Fluid Imaging
Optical Instruments
From WetLabs
40
New Tools

• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments
• Gene probes
• High pressure range instruments
• Remote sensing
• Advanced nutrient analyzers

41
From WHOI Coastal Groundwater Chemistry
Nutrient Analyzer
42
New Tools

• High powered microscopes
• Flow cytometers and other optical instruments
• Gene probes
• High pressure range instruments
• Remote sensing
• Advanced nutrient analyzers
• Ocean observing systems

43
From GOOS
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
44
Application

• Your ideas
• Some suggestions from us
• Look at time series of water quality data and
  observe trends
• Take samples of nearby water bodies and analyze
  in lab to compare quality
• Volunteer for state monitoring

45
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
46
Problem

• It is a global phenomenon that impacts us all,
  one way or the other
• Represents changes in the circulation of the
  Tropical Pacific and the global atmosphere
  (changes in atmospheric pressure over the Pacific
  and weak trade winds)
• Is associated with ecological and economic losses
  around the globe

47
Tools for Observation

• Discrete data from fishermen
• Temperature and pressure anomalies in the Pacific
  measured in few stations
• Droughts, excessive rain and other isolated
  phenomena that were not directly linked to ENSO

48
New Tools

• General Circulation Models

Source NOAA El Niño resource web page
49
New Tools

• Pressure anomaly measurements at key stations in
  the Pacific (Darwin, Australia Tahiti
  Southern Oscillation Index)

50
New Tools

• Satellite altimetry and temperature measurements,
  real-time.

Source NOAA El Niño resource web page
51
New Tools

• Coral and sediment paleoclimatology El Niño has
  waxed and waned over millennia.

Source NOAA Paleoclimatology Program/Department
of Commerce
52
New Tools

• Well defined pattern and intensity of La Niña/El
  Niño

Source NOAA El Niño resource web page
53
New Tools

• TAO buoy array (NOAA)

Source TAO resource web page
54
New Tools

• Drifting buoy data (NOAA)
• Gliders
• Automated Sea Level and rainfall gauges

Source https//www.navo.navy.mil
55
New Tools

• Shipboard measurements (NOAA ship KA'IMIMOANA
  (Ocean Seeker)

Source TAO resource web page
56
Application

• Your ideas
• Some suggestions from us
• Look at ENSO index in correlation with yearly sea
  surface temperature and sea height satellite
  images
• Discuss the effects of ENSO around the world and
  in your local area
• Discuss the differences in weather patterns in
  your local area between el Niño and la Niña years