Greenhouse Effect

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Greenhouse Effect
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CO2 over Geologic Time
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Geologic Time Life on Earth
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CO2 over Human Time
First Humans 2,000,000 Years Ago Modern Humans
Homo Sapiens (Latin Wise Humans) 200,000
Years Ago
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CO2 over our Lifetime - Generational Timeline
When We Went to College
1890 0 My Great Grand Parents
2040 5 Your Kids
1920 1 My Grand Parents
1950 2 My Parents
1980 3 Me
2010 4 You
2100 7 Your Great Grand Kids
2070 6 Your Grand Parents
June 4, 1896 Henry Ford builds his first
automobile, the gasoline powered Quadricycle.
May 1, 1988 Nicola Telsa patent the AC Electrical
System, enabling long distance transmission of
electrical power from centralized generation
facilities.
1885-1895 Publication of scientific results from
the HMS Challenger Expedition (1872-1876).
1958 - Present Longest time series of direct
atmospheric CO2 measurements.
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Global Carbon Cycle
Gas Exchange Between Air and Ocean
Net Accumulation in Ocean
Photosynthesis Respiration
Circulation
Ginger Armbrust
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Global Carbon Cycle
Combustion
Land Use Changes
Gas Exchange Between Air and Ocean
Net Accumulation in Ocean
Photosynthesis Respiration
Geological Reservoir
Circulation
Ginger Armbrust
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About half of all CO2 emitted due to burning of
fossil fuels has ended up in the oceans
Sabine et al., 2004, Science 305367-371.
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IPCC projection of surface temperature change
(2090-2099 wrt 1980-1999)
Scenario A1B
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Change is Happening
Annual Sea Ice Minimum - 1980
Image Source NASA (svs.gsfc.nasa.gov)
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Change is Happening
Annual Sea Ice Minimum - 2007
Image Source NASA (svs.gsfc.nasa.gov)
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Image Source NASA (svs.gsfc.nasa.gov)
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Historic Tropical Cyclone Tracks
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World Population
2008
x 1000
Data Source UN Population Division, The 2006
Revision Population Database Medium Variant
http//esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp
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World Population
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World Energy Use
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The Ocean is directly linked to plant growth on
the continents
Animation
Adapted from, Earth Observatory story Watching
Plants Dance to the Rhythms of the
Ocean http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/SSTN
DVI/
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Hurricane Blooms
Animation
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Geo-Engineering Iron Fertilization
http//www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id3416
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Fish Caught per 100 hooks 1952, 1958, 1964, 1980
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Telepresence
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Omnipresence
Western Boundary Currents
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Gulf Stream Sea Surface Temperature from MODIS
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Pioneer Array
Pioneer Array, fixed and mobile assets (AUVS,
gliders) to resolve variability across shelf
break embedded in IOOS, regional sampling and
supplemented by Commonwealth of Massachusetts
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Processes governing exchanges across the shelf
break front must be understood
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Hudson River
Raritan Bay
Old River decaying blooom, marine snow and CDOM
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The Nearshore Recirculation A Remineralization
Incubator (known to locals as the Frazer eddy)