NonWNV Arbovirus Surveillance in the SE US

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Non-WNV Arbovirus Surveillance in the SE US

• Daniel Mead M.S., M.P.H., Ph.D
• Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study
• The University of Georgia
• dmead_at_vet.uga.edu

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(1948, 1963, 1971, 1989)
(1982)
Other viruses detected Keystone virus Flanders
virus Western Equine Encephalitis virus
Highlands J virus
Few comprehensive surveys conducted in the SE
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Colonial Park Cemetery, Savannah GA
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• Urban Yellow Fever Epidemics in the United
  States 1793-1905

• Philadelphia, 1793 5,000 dead
• New York City, 1795 730 dead
• Boston, New York City and Philadelphia, 1798
  more than 5,000 dead
• Baltimore, 1800 1,200 dead
• New Orleans, 1853 8000 or more dead
• Norfolk, 1855 2,000 dead
• Mississippi Valley, 1878 20,000 dead
• Cuba, 1898 hundreds dead.
• New Orleans, 1905 more than 900 dead

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(from published literature)

• Danville, KY (1964)
• SLEV and FLANV
• Memphis, TN (1964)
• SLEV and FLANV
• Pine Bluff, AR (1991)
• SLEV and FLANV
• south AL (1959-1963)
• TVTV, WEEV HJV, EEEV, FLANV, LACV, TENV
• Chicago IL (1993)
• SLEV (RT-PCR)

• 1996-1998 52 sites in SC (collections from 30
  of 46 counties)
• POTV, TENV, FLANV, SLEV, EEEV, JCV, untyped CAL
  serogroup

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• FL 1990
• NC 1995 (hurricane Fran), 1999
• SC 1996
• AL 1999

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Current status of mosquito surveillance in the SE
US

• Most states continue to do mosquito surveillance
• - some target WNV only or WNV/SLEV/EEEV/LACV (RT
  or rRT-PCR)
• - diagnostic capabilities in some labs is
  limited
• (save unknowns for a rainy day)
• - a few states are actually EXPANDING their
  capabilities
• - some states putting restrictions on what is
  tested
• GA 2001 - 2 counties
• 2005 - present limited number
  of pools can be tested

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Viruses Detected

• EEEV
• Highlands J virus
• Flanders virus
• South River virus
• LaCrosse virus
• Potosi virus
• Keystone virus
• Cache Valley virus
• Reovirus ??

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Future of Arbovirus Surveillance in the SE US?