Two Worlds Apart: Bridging the Gap Between Physical and Virtual Media for Distributed Design Collaboration

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Two Worlds Apart Bridging the Gap Between
Physical and Virtual Mediafor Distributed Design
Collaboration
Katherine EverittScott Klemmer Robert Lee James
Landay
10 April 2003ACM SIGCHIFt. Lauderdale, FL
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Supporting Information Architecture

• Interviews with 11 professional designers
  Newman, DIS2000
• Post-It notes on large surfaces
• affinity diagrams
• Brainstorming
• collaborative
• solo
• Advantages
• persistent artifact
• immersive, haptic
• fluid, informal interface
• Difficulties
• hard to edit
• to share
• to make digital

Contextual Design, by Hugh Beyer and Karen
Holtzblatt
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The Designers Outpost System

• Combining...
• affordances of paper and
• advantages of electronic
• media to support design
• practice
• Klemmer, UIST2001
• Electronic wall surface (180 cm diagonal SMART
  Board)
• Regular Post-it notes
• Computer vision, stylus, physical tools UI
• Evaluated with 15 professional designers

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Vision System
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The Digital AdvantageAdding Value to Paper

• Transition to other Tools

• History and Versioning

• Remote Collaboration

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The Digital AdvantageAdding Value to Paper

• Transition to other Tools

• History and Versioning

• Remote Collaboration

Klemmer, CHI 2002
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The Digital AdvantageAdding Value to Paper

• Transition to other Tools

• History and Versioning

• Remote Collaboration

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Collaborative Teams

• consensus building and establishing deep
  relationships is vital to my work process

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Current Design Practices

• Interviewed 6 professional designers
• 1. Email and Facilitator

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Current Design Practices

• Interviewed 6 professional designers
• 2. Videoconference

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Current Design Practices

• Interviewed 6 professional designers
• 3. Co-located Meetings

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Current Design Practices

• Interviewed 6 professional designers
• 4. MS Visio and Email

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Remote Collaboration User Difficulties

• Currently, remote participants cant make changes
• Current remote collaboration tools are ill suited
  for design tasks
• Too much time spent maintaining consistent
  representations

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Remote Collaboration User Goals

• Synchronized spatial layout of content at both
  ends
• Establish rapport with remote users, important
  for consensus building
• Support informalcreation of ideas

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Distributed Designers Outpost

• Two SMART boards
• Shared workspace
• Notes that are physical in one place are
  electronic in the other.
• Users on both ends can manipulate all content
• Awareness mechanisms
• Transient ink
• Shadows

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Distributed Presence

• The rear camera locates user shadows
• Awareness shadow gives the impression remote
  users are behind the board
• Supports presence, location, and gesture

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Distributed Presence

• Calculated outline gives flexibility in display

dot shadow (used in study)
silhouette shadow (currently in use)
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Interacting with Paper Notes
ADD
REMOVE
Remote Image
Physical Action
Remote Image
Physical Action
MOVE
Physical Action
Remote Image
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Interacting with Electronic Notes
MOVE
Remote Image
Physical Action
REMOVE
Remote Image
Physical Action
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Transient Ink for Deictic Gesture
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Software Infrastructure (Java)

• SATIN toolkit, Hong, UIST2001
• Most changes for Distributed Outpost made at the
  toolkit level
• Command objects represent actions
• Commands are serialized for network transmission
  using XML

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Vision Infrastructure (C)
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Vision Infrastructure (C)
Rear Camera Vision (640x480, 7fps)
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User Feedback

• 6 professional designers, in our lab
• Asked them to carry out a web design task
• Benefits of Distributed Outpost
• Increase value of remote working sessions with
  team members and clients
• See team input in real time
• Digitizes automatically, no extra step
• No pause for zooming of video cams
• Flexibility

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User Feedback

• Improvements to be made
• Coordination problems
• Conflict over ownership of objects
• Smoother remote shadow needed
• More detail than the simple dot shadow

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Related Work
Ishii Kobayashi Iterative Design of Seamless
Collaboration Media CACM 1994
Wellner Interacting with Paper on the
DigitalDesk CACM 1993
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Summary and Future Work

• Remote collaboration with shared workspace
• Paper input
• Distributed Awareness
• Transient Ink
• Vision-Tracked Shadow
• Flexible output for awareness mechanisms
• Now working on Papier-Mâché, a toolkit for
  building augmented paper interfaces!

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Two Worlds Apart Bridging the Gap Between
Physical and Virtual Mediafor Distributed Design
Collaboration
http//guir.berkeley.edu/outpost