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Haunted Monastery paper is due FRIDAY, MARCH 4.
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FROM FRIDAY Obstacles to the adoption of
Chinese Confucian cultural complex in Korea,
Japan, Vietnam Buddhism, aristocracy
MEDIEVAL VIETNAM Vietnamese expand into other
parts of SE Asia, become dominant
political/cultural force in region.
CHINA
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WESTERN EUROPE POLITICAL AND CULTURAL PLURALISM
When last we left Rome (5th c. C.E.), she was
dealing with some unwanted guests...
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• Lack of political unity after 5th c. C.E.
  invasions by
• Germanic tribes (the Dark Ages before the
  Renaissance)
• A. After Rome falls, political and cultural
  centers shift to France,
• Germany, England.
• B. Religious center remains ROME (home of
  Pope).

Rome
BYZANTINE
SOON TO BE ISLAMIC
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II. Popes attempts to recapture
political/religious unity (resurrect the
Roman Empire in Christian context) A.
CHARLEMAGNE (d. 814) crowned emperor, 800
Frankish leader in France and NW
Germany?CAROLINGIAN (from Charles)
emperor
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B. King Otto I of Germany (936-73) first HOLY
ROMAN EMPEROR (NOTE The Holy Roman Empire
did NOT cover the same territory as the
Roman Empire. It was largely a German/Central
European empire.) C. Holy Roman Empire
remains fragmented collection of kingdoms,
duchies (ruled by dukes), and bishoprics (ruled
by bishops).
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III. Religion as source of unity (?) A.
Pope still had political power. B. Pope vs.
W. European kings Pope excommunicates kings for
appointing their own bishops C.
Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII
(11th c.) Henry spends 3 days
praying in snow before Pope takes him
back.
Henry IV
Anti-Pope
Gregory VII
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IV. Monastic orders in Roman Catholicism as
source of unity A. Monasteries kept
scholarship alive during Dark Ages. B.
Independent economic base monks and nuns had to
work (contrast to Buddhist monks).
C. Saint Benedict (480-543) spread Catholicism
to incompletely Christianized regions
of Italy.
St. Benedict (480-543 C.E.)
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Nonnberg, Benedictine abbey near Salzburg,
Austria (originally built 700 C.E.)
and a scene from the most famous movie ever
filmed there
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V. Universities as source of unity A.
Inspired by Islamic theological academies in
Spain and Sicily B. Train churchmen C.
LATIN curriculum D. In 12th c. Spain,
churchmen translate Greek classics from
Arabic into Latin (the 12th-Century
Renaissance). E. Churchmen serve kings as
bureaucrats.
Kings College,
Cambridge University (founded 1441)
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F. Clash of loyalties for churchmen-bureaucrats
loyalty to Church vs. loyalty to king
Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, murdered
by knights of Henry II of England, 1270,
after refuting Henrys claim that clergy
should be subject to royal, not Church, courts.
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VI. Pilgrimages to saints shrines, e.g., Thomas
Beckets at Canterbury, as source of
unity?TRADE
shrine above altar where Becket was murdered, ?
and spot where his head
hit the floor?
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VII. Feudal society hierarchy of obligations

KING
CLERGY
(military service, advice)
feudal lords who own MANORS
(goods, labor)
PEASANTS
Friction between king and feudal lords to avoid
being controlled by lords, king attempts to
CENTRALIZE STATE (roots of modern
nation-states)?PARLIAMENTS represent landed
aristocrats (former feudal lords).
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VIII. Trade and alternative power centers
A. Trading centers Venice and Genoa,
Champagne Fairs
CHAMPAGNE
Venice
Genoa
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B. Autonomy of trading towns?municipalities run
by merchant citizens (bourgeois,
burghers) C. Dilutes power of feudal lords
The Burgermeister Meisterburger
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IX. National cultures A. Vernaculars
displace Latin by 14th c.
Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury
Tales B. Latin still language of
Church and universities
Opening of The Canterbury Tales 1 Whan that
aprill with his shoures soote 2 The droghte of
march hath perced to the roote, 3 And bathed
every veyne in swich licour 4 Of which vertu
engendred is the flour
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Haunted Monastery paper is due FRIDAY, MARCH 4.