World War II, 19391945

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World War II, 19391945
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Hitlers Lightning War
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SECTION
MAP
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
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SECTION
The Holocaust
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SECTION
The Allies Are Victorious
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SECTION
The Devastation of Europe and Japan
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SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
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World War II, 19391945
The expansionist designs of Germany and Japan
lead to worldwide conflict. After initial defeats
in Europe and the Pacific, the Allies are
victorious but at the cost of millions of lives
and the economic and political devastation of
Europe and Japan.
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World War II, 19391945
Time Line
1939 Germany invades Poland.
1941 (June) Germans invade Soviet Union. (Dec.)
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
1944 D-Day invasion occurs.
1940 France surrenders to German Battle of
Britain begins.
1943 Allies defeat Japan at Guadalcanal.
1945 (May) Germany surrenders. (Aug.) Atomic
bombs dropped Japan surrenders.
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Hitlers Lightning War
MAP
Key Idea
Hitler launches a surprise attack on Poland,
overruns much of Europe, and invades Russia.
Britain survives to fight on alone, aided by arms
from the United States.
Overview
Assessment
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Hitlers Lightning War
MAP
Overview
nonaggression pact blitzkrieg Charles de
Gaulle Winston Churchill Battle of Britain
Atlantic Charter
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Using the sudden, mass attack called the
blitzkrieg, Germany overran much of Europe and
North Africa.
Hitlers actions set off World War II. The
results of the war still affect the politics and
economics of todays world.
Assessment
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Hitlers Lightning War
MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Identify the effects of each of the
early events of World War II that are listed
below.
The fall of Poland
338,000 soldiers saved British forces leave
Western Europe.
British able to hold off German occupation
U.S. supplied Allies with war goods. U.S.
decision to favor the Allies
continued . . .
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Hitlers Lightning War
MAP
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Section
Assessment
2. Great Britain and the Soviet city of Leningrad
each fought off a German invasion. Other
countries gave in to the Germans without much
resistance. What factors do you think a countrys
leaders consider when deciding whether to
surrender or to fight? THINK ABOUT
the countrys ability to fight
the costs of resisting
the costs of surrendering
ANSWER
continued . . .
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Hitlers Lightning War
MAP
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Section
Assessment
Ability to Fight army large enough to fight the
enemy, sufficient weapons Costs of Resisting
major civilian and military deaths, destruction
of property, economic chaos Costs of
Surrendering enemy control of the government,
repression of the population
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Japan Strikes in the Pacific
Key Idea
Japans attack on Pearl Harbor draws the United
States into the war. Initial Japanese victories
in the Pacific are overturned as U.S. naval
forces fight back, gaining the offensive.
Overview
Assessment
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Japan Strikes in the Pacific
Overview
Isoroku Yamamoto Pearl Harbor Battle of
Midway Douglas MacArthur Battle of
Guadalcanal
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Carving out an empire, Japan attacked Pearl
Harbor in Hawaii and brought the United States
into World War II.
World War II established the role of the United
States as a leading player in international
affairs.
Assessment
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Japan Strikes in the Pacific
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List four major events of the war in
the Pacific between 1941 and 1943.
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
United States bombs Tokyo
Battle of Midway
Battle of Guadalcanal
continued . . .
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Japan Strikes in the Pacific
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Section
Assessment
2. Judging from the effects of the attack on
Pearl Harbor, do you think Yamamoto made a wise
decision in bombing Pearl Harbor? Why or why not?
THINK ABOUT
Yamamotos goals in the bombing
United States involvement in World War II
the effects of the bombing
ANSWER
Wise If the Japanese did not destroy the U.S.
Pacific fleet, it would have been used against
them. Unwise If the Japanese did not bomb Pearl
Harbor, the United States may never have entered
the war.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Japan Strikes in the Pacific
2
Section
Assessment
3. What do you think Yamamotos biggest problems
were in building the Japanese empire in the
Pacific? THINK ABOUT
geographical problems
European/American interests in the Pacific
psychological factors
ANSWER
Geography The Pacific region is so huge that it
would be difficult to build an empire.
European/American Interests The United States
and certain European countries had military posts
in the Pacific. Psychological Factors After the
bombing of Tokyo, Yamamoto had to deal with
shaken Japanese confidence.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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The Holocaust
Key Idea
Nazi persecution of Jews throughout Germany and
the conquered nations leads to Hitlers Final
Solution the mass extermination of 6 million of
Europes Jews.
Overview
Assessment
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The Holocaust
Overview
Aryans Holocaust Kristallnacht ghettos
Final Solution genocide
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
During the Holocaust, Hitlers Nazis killed 6
million Jews and 5 million other non-Aryans.
The violence against Jews during the Holocaust
led to the founding of Israel after World War II.
Assessment
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The Holocaust
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Give examples of Nazi persecutions.
Burning of Jewish businesses, homes, and
synagogues
Nuremberg Laws
Concentration camps
Genocide of Jews
Persecution of gypsies, Poles, Russians,
homosexuals, the insane, the disabled, the ill
continued . . .
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The Holocaust
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Section
Assessment
2. Why do you think German soldiers and the
German people went along with the Nazi policy of
persecution of the Jews? THINK ABOUT
Nazi treatment of those who disagreed
Nazi propaganda
the political and social conditions in Germany
at the time
ANSWER
Treatment The people of Germany were afraid for
their lives. Propaganda It tried to convince
Germans that Jewish people were subhuman.
Conditions A repressive dictatorship
Possible Responses
End of Section 3
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The Allies Are Victorious
Key Idea
The Allies invade Europe as the Soviet Union
drives the Germans westward, leading to Germanys
final defeat. Japan surrenders following an
atomic bomb attack by the United States.
Overview
Assessment
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The Allies Are Victorious
Overview
Erwin Rommel Bernard Montgomery Dwight D.
Eisenhower Battle of Stalingrad D-Day
Battle of the Bulge kamikaze
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Led by the United States, Great Britain, and the
Soviet Union, the Allies scored key victories and
won the war.
The Allies victory in World War II set up
conditions for both the Cold War and todays
post-Cold War world.
Assessment
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The Allies Are Victorious
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the outcomes of the four World War
II battles listed below.
Rommels army defeated in North Africa
Held by Soviets
Allies held beachheads
Allies eventually pushed Germans back
continued . . .
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The Allies Are Victorious
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Section
Assessment
2. Based on what you have read in this section,
how do governments gather support for a war
effort on the home front? THINK ABOUT
the economy
forms of propaganda
individual participation in the war effort
ANSWER
Rationing of materials (gasoline, metals,
rubber, food, etc.) crucial to the war effort
Collecting war materials donated by
individuals Selling bonds to raise money for
the war Using propaganda to paint themselves
as fighters for right against evil enemies
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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The Allies Are Victorious
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Section
Assessment
3. Do you think President Truman made the correct
decision by ordering the atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Why or why not? THINK
ABOUT
the likely consequences if the atomic bomb had
not been dropped
the destruction caused by the atomic bomb
World War II after the dropping of the atomic
bomb
ANSWER
Right Dropping the bomb was an effective way to
end the war in the Pacific. Wrong The atomic
bomb caused a huge loss of civilian lives.
Possible Responses
End of Section 4
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The Devastation of Europe and Japan
GRAPH
Key Idea
A ravaged Europe struggles to recover as the
United States occupies Japan and begins to bring
political change and stability.
Overview
Assessment
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The Devastation of Europe and Japan
GRAPH
Overview
Nuremberg Trials demilitarization
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
World War II cost millions of human lives and
billions of dollars in damages. It left Europe
and Japan in ruins.
The United States survived World War II
undamaged, allowing it to become a world leader.
Assessment
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The Devastation of Europe and Japan
GRAPH
5
Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Compare and contrast the aftermath of
World War II in Europe and Japan.
Both

• Displaced persons looking for families
• Famine
• Rise of communism

• Japanese emperor no longer a god
• Japanese people humiliated
• Radiation poisoning from the atomic bomb

• Destruction of land and property
• Natural resources depleted
• Heavy loss of life
• Major cities in shambles

continued . . .
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The Devastation of Europe and Japan
GRAPH
5
Section
Assessment
2. Why do you think that many Europeans favored
communism directly following World War II? THINK
ABOUT
World War II destruction
pre-World War II governments
economic concerns
ANSWER
People lost faith in leaders of the past who
had participated in starting or conducting the
war. Communism promised food and prosperity
to people who had none.
Possible Responses
End of Section 5