This file is downloaded from : www'tantapharmacy'org

1
Public Health
Mycotic Diseases

• This file is downloaded from
  www.tantapharmacy.org
• for feedback amrsobhy_at_tantapharmacy.org

2
Mycotic infection
3
Patient  with ringworm on the arm, or tinea
corporis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes
4
Tinea corporis
5
Tinea manus
6
sporotrichosis
7
Chromoblastomycosis.
8
Chromoblastomycosis.
9
mycetoma
10
Child with a ringworm (tinea) fungal infection.
"Tinea capitis"
11
Candidiasis Oral thrush
12
Pityriasis(Tinea) versicolor
13
Bilateral tinea nigra
14
Black piedra
15
Black piedra
16
Tinea pedis
17
Key Words
Prokaryotic
Outer membrane
Eubacteria (Bacteria)
Periplasmic space
Oxidative phosphorylation
Eukaryotic
Spheroplast/protoplast
Plasmid
Flagella
Chromosome
Chemotaxis
Ribosome
Axial filament
Peptidoglycan (murein, mucopeptide)
Periplasmic binding protein
Gram stain
Permeases
Gram negative
Storage Granules
Gram positive
Pili (fimbriae)
Cell envelope
Capsule (slime layer, glycocalyx)
Cell membrane
Endospore (spore)
Cell wall
18
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
19
Prokaryotes (Bacteria)

• Eubacter "True" bacteria
• human pathogens
• clinical or environmental
• one kingdom
• Archaea
• Environmental organisms
• second kingdom

20
Eukaryotes

• Other cell-based life e.g.
• plants
• animals
• fungi

21
Prokaryotic Cell (versus Eukaryotic Cell)

• Not compartmentalized
• Cell membranes lack sterols (e.g. cholesterol)
• Single circular chromosome
• Ribosomal are 70S
• - subunits
• 30S (16S rRNA)
• 50S (5S 23S rRNA)

22
Bacteria versus Archaebacteria

• Eubacteria
• peptidoglycan (murein)
• muramic acid
• Archaebacteria
• pseudomurein
• no muramic acid

23
Bacteria versus Archaebacteria

• 16S rRNA
• sequence different

24
Eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
Gram
(e.g. animal)
Flagellum
Nucleoid
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Gram -
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
25
Bacteria

• Plasmids
• Extra-chromosomal DNA
• multiple copy number
• coding
• - pathogenesis factors
• - antibiotic resistance factors
• bacterial replication

26
The Cell Envelope
Gram Stain
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
27
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs at cell
membrane (since there are no mitochondria).
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Cell membrane

• The cell wall is outside of cell membrane
• rigid, protecting cell from osmotic lysis.

28
GRAM POSITIVE
Lipoteichoic acid
Peptidoglycan-teichoic acid
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasm
GRAM NEGATIVE
Lipopolysaccharide
Porin
Outer Membrane
Braun lipoprotein
Periplasmic space
Inner (cytoplasmic) membrane
Cytoplasm
29
Outer Membrane

• Gram negative bacteria
• major permeability barrier
• space between inner and outer membrane
• periplasmic space
• store degradative enzymes
• Gram positive bacteria
• no periplasmic space

30
GRAM NEGATIVE CELL ENVELOPE
Outer Membrane (Major permeability barrier)
Lipopolysaccharide
Porin
Braun lipoprotein
Periplasmic space
Degradative enzyme
Periplasmic binding protein
Permease
Inner (cytoplasmic) membrane
Cytoplasm
31
GRAM POSITIVE CELL ENVELOPE
Degradative enzyme
Peptidoglycan-teichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasm
32
FLAGELLA

• Some bacteria are motile
• Locomotory organelles- flagella
• Taste environment
• Respond to food/poison
• chemotaxis

33

• Flagella
• embedded in cell membrane
• project as strand
• Flagellin (protein) subunits
• move cell by propeller like action

34
Axial filaments

• spirochetes
• similar function to flagella
• run lengthwise along cell
• snake-like movement

35
Making Wall-less forms

• Result from action of
• enzymes lytic for cell wall
• antibiotics inhibiting peptidoglycan biosynthesis
• Usually non-viable
• Wall-less bacteria that dont replicate
• spheroplasts (with outer membrane)
• protoplasts (no outer membrane).
• Wall-less bacteria that replicate
• L forms

36
Naturally Wall-less Genus

• Mycoplasma

37
Pili (fimbriae)

• hair-like projections of the cell
• sexual conjugation
• adhesion to host epithelium

38
Capsules and slime layers

• outside cell envelope
• well defined capsule
• not defined slime layer or glycocalyx
• usually polysaccharide
• often lost during in vitro culture
• protective in vivo

39
Endospores (spores)

• Dormant cell
• Produced when starved
• Resistant to adverse conditions
• - high temperatures
• - organic solvents
• contain calcium dipicolinate
• Bacillus and Clostridium