Comenius project Scotland Webquest

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Comenius projectScotland Webquest

• I.S. Galilei Benevento (Italy)

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Trainspotting

• Trainspotting is a 1996 film directed by Danny
  Boyle based on the novel Trainspotting by Irvine
  Welsh. The movie is about a group of heroin
  addicts in Edinburgh and their passage through
  life. It stars Ewan McGregor (as Mark Renton),
  Ewen Bremner (as Spud Murphy), Jonny Lee Miller
  (as Sick Boy), Kevin McKidd (as Tommy), Robert
  Carlyle (as Begbie) and Kelly Macdonald (as
  Dianne). Author Irvine Welsh also has a brief
  appearance as drug dealer Mikey Forrester.

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THE PROCLAIMERS

• Film Benny joon

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• The Proclaimers are a Scottish band composed of
  identical twins Charlie and Craig Reid. They are
  best known for their songs "Letter from America"
  and "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" which became the
  theme song to the film Benny Joon, and to the
  charity event the Terry Fox Run, as well as a
  Labatt's Blue commercial.

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Career

• Formed in 1983, the Auchtermuchty pair leapt to
  public attention after a January 1987 appearance
  on UK popular music programme "The Tube" on
  Channel Four "Letter From America" peaked at
  number 3 in the UK singles chart, while the album
  This is the Story went gold. The follow-up album
  Sunshine on Leith featured "I'm Gonna Be..." and
  "I'm on My Way" (later further popularised by its
  use in the soundtrack of the film "Shrek").
• The brothers are also famous fans of Edinburgh
  based football club Hibernian F.C.. "Sunshine on
  Leith" is played at every home match and the
  refrain from "I'm Gonna Be..." is played when
  Hibernian score. They are also well known as
  supporters of Scottish independence and have at
  various stages of their lives been activists for
  the Scottish National Party. Many of their songs
  reflect their political views, such as "Letter
  From America" and "Cap in Hand".

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Discography

• Albums
• This is the Story (1987)
• Sunshine on Leith (1988)
• King of the Road (1990) EP appended to
  Sunshine on Leith when re-released in 2001
• Hit the Highway (1994)
• Persevere (2001)
• The Best of The Proclaimers 1987-2002 (2002)
• The Best of The Proclaimers 1987-2002 (2002)
  DVD
• Born Innocent (2003 UK, 2004 US)
• Finest (2004) UK only
• Restless Soul (2005)

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Voltaire

• François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 30 May
  1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was
  a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, deist
  and philosopher.
• Voltaire was known for his sharp wit,
  philosophical writings, and defense of civil
  liberties, including freedom of religion and the
  right to a fair trial. He was an outspoken
  supporter of social reform despite strict
  censorship laws in France and harsh penalties for
  those who broke them. A satirical polemicist, he
  frequently made use of his works to criticize
  Church dogma and the French institutions of his
  day. Voltaire is considered one of the most
  influential figures of his time.

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Adam Smith

• Adam Smith, FRSE, (baptised and probably born
  June 5, 1723 O.S. (June 16 N.S.) July 17, 1790)
  was a Scottish political economist and moral
  philosopher. His Inquiry into the Nature and
  Causes of the Wealth of Nations was one of the
  earliest attempts to study the historical
  development of industry and commerce in Europe.
  That work helped to create the modern academic
  discipline of economics and provided one of the
  best-known intellectual rationales for free
  trade, capitalism, and libertarianism.

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Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Born in Glasgow, and suffering from a bad foot
and eye problems, he was free to discover and
draw sketches of a great deal of the Scottish
countryside as a child. At the age of 15 he was
apprenticed to an architect named John Hutchison,
where he worked from 1884 until 1889. He joined
a firm of architects in 1889 and developed his
own style a contrast between strong right angles
and floral-inspired decorative motifs with subtle
curves, e.g. the Mackintosh Rose motif, along
with some references to traditional Scottish
architecture. The project that helped make his
international reputation was the Glasgow School
of Art (1897-1909).

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James Clerk Maxwell

• James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 5 November
  1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, born
  in Edinburgh. Maxwell formulated a set of
  equations expressing the basic laws of
  electricity and magnetism and developed the
  Maxwell distribution in the kinetic theory of
  gases. He was the last representative of a
  younger branch of the well-known Scottish family
  of Clerk of Penicuik. He is also credited with
  developing the first permanent colour photograph
  in 1861.

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Robert Burns

• Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 July 21, 1796)
  was a poet and a lyricist. He is widely regarded
  as the national poet of Scotland, and is the best
  known of the poets who have written in the Scots
  language, although much of his writing is also in
  English and in a "light" Scots dialect which
  would have been accessible to a wider audience
  than simply Scottish people. At various times in
  his career, he wrote in English, and in these
  pieces, his political or civil commentary is
  often at its most blunt.

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William Murdoch

• William Murdoch (August 21, 1754 - November 15,
  1839) was a Scottish engineer and inventor. He
  was employed by the firm of Boulton and Watt and
  worked for them in Cornwall as a steam engine
  erector for ten years, spending most of the rest
  of his life in Birmingham. He was the inventor of
  gas lighting in the early 1790s and coined the
  term gasometer.

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William Paterson

• Paterson, William (1745-1806), one of the
  principal founders of the governments of New
  Jersey and the United States, was brought up in
  the village of Princeton, where his father, a
  Scotch-Irish immigrant tinsmith and shopkeeper,
  settled when William was five years old.

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Sir Walter Scott

• Sir Walter Scott was born on August 15, 1771 in
  Edinburgh, Scotland. Scott created and
  popularized historical novels in a series called
  the Waverley Novels. In his novels Scott arranged
  the plots and characters so the reader enters
  into the lives of both great and ordinary people
  caught up in violent, dramatic changes in
  history.
• Scott's work shows the influence of the 18th
  century enlightenment. He believed every human
  was basically decent regardless of class,
  religion, politics, or ancestry. Tolerance is a
  major theme in his historical works. The Waverley
  Novels express his belief in the need for social
  progress that does not reject the traditions of
  the past. He was the first novelist to portray
  peasant characters sympathetically and
  realistically, and was equally just to merchants,
  soldiers, and even kings.

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Scottish Enlightenment

• The Scottish Enlightenment was a period of
  intellectual ferment in Scotland, running from
  approximately 1740 to 1800.

Hume is arguably the most important thinker in
the Scottish Enlightenment his moral philosophy
eventually triumphed over Hutcheson's, and his
investigations into political economy inspired
his friend Adam Smith to more detailed work.
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Alexander Selkirk

• Alexander Selkirk, born Alexander Selcraig,
  (167613 December 1721) was a Scottish sailor who
  spent four years as a castaway on an uninhabited
  island it is probable that his travails provided
  the inspiration for Defoe's Robinson Crusoe.

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Alexander Fleming

• Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 11 March
  1955) was a Scottish biologist and
  pharmacologist. Fleming published many articles
  on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy.
  His best-known achievements are the discovery of
  the enzyme lysozyme in 1922 and isolation of the
  antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus
  Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared
  a Nobel Prize with Florey and Chain.

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Alexander Graham Bell's Path to the Telephone

• Bell's Telephone
• A pioneer in the field of telecommunications,
  Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in
  Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Ontario, and
  then to the United States, settling in Boston,
  before beginning his career as an inventor.
  Throughout his life, Bell had been interested in
  the education of deaf people. This interest lead
  him to invent the microphone and, in 1876, his
  "electrical speech machine," which we now call a
  telephone. News of his invention quickly spread
  throughout the country, even throughout Europe.
  By 1878, Bell had set up the first telephone
  exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long
  distance connections were made between Boston,
  Massachusetts and New York City.

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Kirkcaldy

• Kirkcaldy (pronounced kir-kawdy) is the largest
  town in Fife, Scotland. Its population as of the
  2001 Census is 46,912.

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Lang toun

• Kirkcaldy is known as The Lang Toun (Long Town)
  in Scots. The name 'The Lang Toun' derives from
  the proximity of these burghs and villages to
  Kirkcaldy and the subsequent spread of the town
  along the shores of the River Forth.

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Lowlands

• Kirkaldy is situated in the Lowlands!!!

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The Battle of Culloden

• The Battle of Culloden (April 16, 1746), was the
  final clash between the Jacobites and the
  Hanoverians in the 1745 Jacobite Rising. It was
  the last battle to be fought on mainland Britain,
  and brought the Jacobite causeto restore the
  House of Stuart to the thrones of England and
  Scotlandto a decisive defeat from which it never
  recovered.
• The Jacobitesmost of them Highland
  Scotssupported the claim of Charles Edward
  Stuart (aka "Bonnie Prince Charlie" or "The Young
  Pretender") to the throne the British army,
  under the Duke of Cumberland, younger son of the
  Hanoverian sovereign, King George II, supported
  his father's cause.
• The aftermath of the battle was brutal and earned
  the victorious general the name "Butcher"
  Cumberland. Charles Edward Stuart eventually left
  Britain and went to Rome, never to attempt to
  take the throne again. Civil penalties were also
  severe. New laws dismantled the Highlanders'
  feudal clan system, and even highland dress was
  outlawed.

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Battle of Bannockburn

• The Battle of Bannockburn (June 23, 1314 June
  24, 1314) was a significant Scottish victory in
  the Wars of Scottish Independence.
• The Scottish victory was complete and, although
  full English recognition of Scottish independence
  was not achieved until more than ten years later,
  Robert Bruce's position as king was greatly
  strengthened by the events at Bannockburn.

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Church of Scotland

• The Church of Scotland (CofS, known informally as
  The Kirk, Eaglais na h-Alba in Scottish Gaelic)
  is the national church of Scotland. It is a
  Presbyterian church, decisively shaped by the
  Scottish Reformation.
• The Church of Scotland traces its roots back to
  the beginnings of Christianity in Scotland, but
  its identity is principally shaped by the
  Scottish Reformation of 1560. Its current
  membership is about 12 of the Scottish
  population - although many more Scots and
  descendants of Scots in other countries claim
  some form of allegiance to it.

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Dolly the sheep

• The sheep was originally code-named "6LL3". The
  name "Dolly" came from a suggestion by the
  stockmen who helped with her birth, in honor of
  Dolly Parton, because it was a mammary cell that
  was cloned. The technique that was made famous by
  her birth is somatic cell nuclear transfer, in
  which a cell is placed in a de-nucleated ovum,
  the two cells fuse and then develop into an
  embryo. When Dolly was cloned in 1996 from a cell
  taken from a six-year-old ewe, she became the
  center of much controversy that still exists
  today.
• On April 9, 2003 her stuffed remains were placed
  at Edinburgh's Royal Museum, part of the National
  Museums of Scullion.

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Arthur Conan Doyle

• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 7 July
  1930) was a Scottish author most noted for his
  stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes,
  which are generally considered a major innovation
  in the field of crime fiction, and the adventures
  of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer
  whose other works include science fiction
  stories, historical novels, plays and romances,
  poetry, and non-fiction.
• Conan was originally a middle name but he used it
  as part of his surname in his later years.

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Sir Sandford Fleming

• Sir Sandford Fleming (January 7, 1827 July 22,
  1915) was a prolific Canadian engineer and
  inventor, known for the introduction of Universal
  Standard Time, Canada's first postage stamp, a
  huge body of surveying and map making,
  engineering much of the Intercolonial Railway and
  the Canadian Pacific Railway, and a founding
  member of the Royal Society of Canada and founder
  of the Royal Canadian Institute, a science
  organization in Toronto.

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• Sandford Fleming was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife,
  Scotland, and in 1845, at the age of 17, he
  emigrated with his older brother David to Ontario
  (then the colony of Upper Canada). Their route
  took them through much of the Canadian colonies,
  Quebec City, Montreal, Kingston, Ontario, finally
  settling in Peterborough, Ontario with their
  cousins.

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Alexander Bain

• Alexander Bain (June 11, 1818 September 18,
  1903) was a Scottish philosopher and
  educationalist. He was born in Aberdeen, and went
  to school there, but took up the profession of a
  weaver, hence the punning description of him as
  Weevir, rex philosophorum. In 1836 he entered
  Marischal College, and came under the influence
  of John Cruickshank, professor of mathematics,
  Thomas Clark, professor of chemistry, and William
  Knight, professor of natural philosophy. His
  college career was distinguished, especially in
  mental philosophy, mathematics and physics.
  Towards the end of his arts course he became a
  contributor to the Westminster Review (first
  article "Electrotype and Daguerreotype,"
  September 1840).

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James Dewar

• Sir James Dewar (September 20, 1842 March 27,
  1923) was a Scottish chemist and physicist.
• He developed a chemical formula for benzene and
  performed extensive work in spectroscopy for more
  than 25 years. In 1891 he discovered a process to
  produce liquid oxygen in industrial quantities.
  He developed an insulating bottle, Dewar flask,
  still named after him, to study low temperature
  gas phenomena. He also used this bottle to
  transport liquid gases like hydrogen 1898. In
  1905 he observed that cold charcoal could produce
  a vacuum. This technique was quite useful for
  experiments in atomic physics. He is credited as
  the inventor of the vacuum flask.

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KirkPatrick Macmillan

• Kirkpatrick Macmillan ( 2 September 1812 in
  Keir, Dumfries and Galloway 26 January 1878 in
  Keir) was a Scottish blacksmith who was given
  credit for inventing the rear-wheel driven
  bicycle in a bizarre campaign by a relative, a
  rich corn trader and tricyclist named James
  Johnston in the 1890s. MacMillan lived in Glasgow
  and worked at the Vulcan Foundry during the
  relevant period around 1840, not at the family
  smithy Courthill.

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James Chalmers

• James Chalmers (1782 Arbroath, Angus - May 26,
  1853) was a Scottish inventor who introduced the
  adhesive postage stamp and uniform postage rate.
• Initially a weaver, he moved to Dundee in 1809
  and established himself there as a bookseller,
  printer and newspaper publisher on Castle Street.
  Later he served as a Burgh Councillor and became
  Convener of the Nine Incorporated Trades.
• As such, he was described as a slayer of the
  "dragons which retard progress", battling
  repeatedly in the cause of Burgh Reform, and
  fighting for the repeal of taxes on newspapers
  and newspaper advertisements, and the removal of
  the excise duty on paper. citation needed
• His most burning enthusiasm, however, was postal
  reform, and from 1825 he campaigned the
  authorities to speed up the mail between
  Edinburgh and London by convincing them that this
  could be done without extra cost. After several
  years he managed to induce a time saving of
  nearly a day in each direction.

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Italian Immigration to Scotland

• It is believed that the first Italians to reach
  the Scottish shores were the Romans, in and
  around 50AD, but once dispatched back to Empire
  HQ it wasn't until the mid 18th century that the
  next batch began to arrive in numbers, most of
  them artists, musicians and merchants. There even
  is an accredited -Scots/Italian style of music
  from this period, one of the most famous
  protagonists being James Oswald (1710-1769)
  appointed court composer to George III in 1761.
  Some Italian musicians of the time such as
  Domenico Corri and Francesco Barsanti who
  complete with all the formal training came to
  Scotland and excelled.

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• Scotland (Caledonia) was the Roman Empire's
  furthest flung outpost yet it was never fully
  conquered. Agricola, the Roman governor of
  Britannia managed to secure much of the south in
  AD83 though encountered stiff opposition from the
  Caledonian Tribes and the equally unforgiving
  landscape and conditions. Indeed it was Calgacus,
  the leader of the Ancient Picts of Caledonia in
  light of the Roman presence who  announced 'We
  are the last people on earth, the last to be
  free." In 84AD an estimated 10,000 Caledonians
  were lain to the sword in the Battle of Mons
  Graupius at Bennachie by the marching Roman Army
  and Cavalry, who relied on tactics and cunning to
  win, they needed to, they were outnumbered four
  to one. 

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Italians in Scotland a story

• Domenic Rizza arrived in Scotland in 1907,
  eventually taking over the Clifton Road shop
  which had been converted from a butcher's shop
  into a cafe by Luigi Zaccharini. Dom soon became
  one of Lossie's favourite characters, dispensing
  with a quiet smile excellent ice cream in summer
  and hot drinks in winter. Oxo with lashings of
  pepper was a particular favourite in the
  thirties, and generations of boys listened to
  Raymond Glendenning broadcasting commentaries of
  the Scotland V England internationals on Dom's
  radio in the back room. Dom was later to arrange
  for his younger brother Gelsomino, Jimmy Rizza,
  to join him in Scotland.

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• It was Italian immigrants who introduced
  ice-cream to the British as a street food and who
  created the thriving take-away culture that still
  survives in cities such as Glasgow. Visser
  explains that Italians had introduced the idea
  to Britain by 1850 at the latest, when Carlo
  Gatti was peddling ice cream to Londoners from a
  painted cart. He was so successful that he and
  others brought many more Italians over to join
  them.

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HOGMANAY

• Hogmanay (pronounced with the main stress on the
  last syllable - hog-muh-NAY) is the Scots word
  for the last day of the year and is synonymous
  with the celebration of the New Year in the
  Scottish manner. Its official date is the 31
  December. However this is normally only the start
  of a celebration which lasts through the night
  until the morning of the 1 January or, in many
  cases, 2 January.

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Thomas Carlyle

• Thomas Carlyle (December 4, 1795 February 5,
  1881) was a Scottish essayist, satirist, and
  historian, whose work was hugely influential
  during the Victorian era. Coming from a strictly
  Calvinist family, Carlyle was expected by his
  parents to become a preacher. However, while at
  the University of Edinburgh he lost his Christian
  faith. Nevertheless Calvinist values remained
  with him throughout his life. This combination of
  a religious temperament with loss of faith in
  traditional Christianity made Carlyle's work
  appealing to many Victorians who were grappling
  with scientific and political changes that
  threatened the traditional social order.

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Gordon Brown

• From 1983 to 2005 he was the Member of Parliament
  (MP) for the constituency of Dunfermline East in
  Fife, and following a reorganisation of
  parliamentary constituencies in Scotland he is
  now MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath.
• Dr James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is
  the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United
  Kingdom and a Labour Party politician.

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• Brown has headed HM Treasury since May 1997,
  making him the longest continuously serving
  Chancellor since Nicholas Vansittart (1812-1823).
  He is regarded as the second most powerful member
  of the current British government after Tony
  Blair, and is expected to be elected the next
  leader of the Labour Party replacing Blair and
  becoming Prime Minister, before the end of 2007.
• Brown has strongly supported a number of aspects
  of US foreign policy, notably by voting for the
  invasions of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in
  2003.

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Dougray Scott

• Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25,
  1965) is a Scottish television and film actor.
• Sometimes Scott is referred to as "Young Sean
  Connery", and a similarity in acting style is
  also noted between Scott and the late Steve
  McQueen.

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• Originally from Glenrothes, Fife, Scott enroled
  on a foundation course in drama and then went on
  to attend the Royal Welsh College of Music and
  Drama in Cardiff (1984-87), whose former students
  include Sir Anthony Hopkins. Whilst studying
  there he the college's 1987 Most Promising Drama
  Student award.
• After graduating from college Scott began his
  acting career in regional theatre and making
  television appearances and first found fame on
  the television series Soldier Soldier. His film
  career was launched by the Welsh-set Twin Town.
  After this, he played Prince Henry in Ever After
  and the hero in the adaptation of Robert Harris'
  novel Enigma.
• In 1998, he signed to play the villain in the
  film Mission Impossible II but was also due to
  play Wolverine in the big screen version of
  X-Men. When Mission Impossible II went over
  schedule Scott was replaced in the latter film,
  by Hugh Jackman.
• He recently appeared in the NBC series Heist
  which is now cancelled. In 2006, he appeared in
  the miniseries The Ten Commandments as Moses.

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Sharleen Spiteri

• Sharleen Spiteri (born 7 November 1967 in
  Glasgow) is a Scottish singer. She fronts the
  band Texas. Her father is Maltese of Italian
  descent and she grew up in Balloch near Loch
  Lomond.
• Spiteri worked as a hairdresser before finding
  success with the band in 1986. She separated from
  her partner Ashley Heath, a magazine executive,
  in the second half of 2004. The couple have a
  daughter, Misty Kyd, born on September 10, 2002
  This prompted her close friend Thierry Henry to
  dedicate a goal to her daughter by lifting his
  shirt to reveal the slogan "For the new born
  Kyd." in an infamous incident later that day.

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• Spiteri landed the part of a detective opposite
  Edward Furlong in the thriller Three Blind Mice,
  but backed out due to pregnancy. She also got a
  part in Moulin Rouge! starring Nicole Kidman and
  Ewan McGregor, but she told Jonathan Ross on his
  show on November 4, 2005 that she declined
  because she did not want to move to Australia for
  a year.

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Cranachan

• Cranachan is a traditional Scottish dessert.
  Nowadays it is usually made from a mixture of
  whipped cream, whisky, honey, and fresh
  raspberries topped with toasted oatmeal. Earlier
  recipes for cranachan or cream-crowdie are more
  austere, omitting the whisky and treating the
  fruit as an optional extra. Modern recipes have a
  high double cream content, while originally this
  was replaced wholly or in part by crowdie cheese.
• A traditional way to serve cranachan is to bring
  dishes of each ingredient to the table, so that
  each person can assemble their dessert to taste.
  Tall glasses are also a typical presentation.

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Shortbread

• Shortbread is a type of biscuit (cookie) which is
  traditionally made from one part white sugar, two
  parts butter, and three parts plain white flour,
  although other ingredients like ground rice or
  cornflour are sometimes added to alter the
  texture.

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Stovies

• Stovies are a traditional Scottish dish, similar
  to corned beef hash. Recipes and ingredients vary
  widely between regions, and even families, but
  the dish usually consists of tatties (potatoes)
  and onions and some form of cold meat (especially
  corned beef, sausages or leftover roast.) The
  potatoes are cooked by stewing with fat and a
  little water, stove being the old Scots word for
  stewing. A regional variation is to serve the
  stovies with oatcakes