Captain Jim Coulson, USN

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Captain Jim Coulson, USN

• Commanding Officer
• Naval ROTC Unit
• University of Minnesota

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Agenda

• Talk about 3 subject areas
• Changing nature of warfare
• The NROTC program
• Leadership

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New World Order

• More than 3000 Americans and allies died on Sept
  11th 2001
• 184 in the Pentagon
• Approximately 2000 children lost a parent
• 25,000 escaped the Twin Towers area

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Threat

• Moving from state vs state to state vs
  transnational terrorist
• Technology transfer making it difficult to track
  cells (chem, bio, digital)
• States still tacitly supporting terror cells, but
  finding out it is a dual edge sword

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Defense Strategy

• Protect US homeland and our bases overseas
• Project and sustain power
• Deny enemies sanctuary

• Protect information systems from attack
• Use network warfare to better enable joint forces
• Maintain unhindered access to space and protect
  our space capabilities from attack

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Your Navy Today

• OIF- Naval aircraft flew over 7000 sorties,
  putting 6000 weapons on target
• NAVY-380,000 personnel, 315 ships, 4000 a/c
• Going down to around 309,000, 298 ships by 2009

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The University

• Big 10 school, 50,000 full time students
• 11 in Research
• Most engineering programs in top 15 in USChem
  Engineering is ranked 1

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NROTC at the U

• 1939Unit established
• 1992 Unit slated for closure (120 students)
• 1995 Closure reversed (1 instructor, 6 students)
• TodayStaff of 9, 6 Instructors, 80 Midshipmen
  Navy/Marine Officer Candidates
• Cross town agreements with St Thomas and
  Macalester (25 are Tommies)

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NROTC

• NROTC assigned to Office of Provost
• -Dr Craig Swan, Vice Provost for Undergraduate
  Education
• Oversight through Senate Committee on Educational
  policy, ROTC subcommittee

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Staff

• CO, Aviator
• XO, CDR Aviator
• MOI Marine Captain
• 3/c Submariner LT
• 4/c Aviator LT

• AMOI (Gunnery Sgt)
• GS 6 Midshipman Records
• COs Secretary (U Employee)
• Supply SKC
• Stash Ensign

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Our Unit vs U of MN Avg

• NROTC
• Average SAT 1288
• -Math 653
• -Verbal 653
• 78 Athletes
• 70 Top 10 class
• 57 HS Awards
• 66 Honor Society

• University Average
• 1205
• -600
• -593
• 30

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Officer in 2030

• Ethnically Diverse
• Greater resistance to deployments
• Digital divide possible
• Diversity may cause some competing loyalties
  (Religion, Partisanship)

• Lines between Officer and Enlisted blurring
• -Enlisted Tech expert
• -Officer employment of strategy
• More use of contractors/civilians
• Work force is aging

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Future concepts

• Enlisted/Officer divide disappears
• Start as enlisted in some fields
• Some fields have only senior officers (Advanced
  science, RD)
• Shaping the force difficult

• We keep adding items to career path, but not
  flattening responsibility/gates
• Adding technospeak and keeping the warriors
  edge paramountethos, commitment

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Program Costs

• Total Annual Cost of NROTC is 147 Million Dollars
• Tuition (75M) and military pay (43M) far exceed
  other costs

14M
75M
43M
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Program Demographics

• This map shows current nation wide NROTC
  representation with unit numbers attached

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Manning and tuition trends
The graphs depicts little change of NROTC unit
staffing while student numbers fluctuate, and
tuition prices steadily increase.
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Cost per Commissionee
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Why the Navy and Marines after 229 years?

• 75 of worlds population and infrastructure
  within 300 miles of the littorals
• Allies changingworld economy changing face of
  the term ally Ground based air forces not able
  to launch during Iraqi Freedom
• Navy ships Sovereign US Territory

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The 1990sdecade of change

• Navy deployed at 4x the Cold War rate
• 6 Carrier Battle Groups engaged in Desert Storm
• 1991 Start of 77,000 sorties enforcing Iraqi
  No-Fly Zone54 crisis responses between 92-99

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The Navy today

• 389,000 lowest since 1939
• 4000 aircraft , average age 16.2 yrs fixed
  wing/26 years helicopters
• 315 ships 12 CVs/CVNs

• EA-6B sole jamming platform down to 72 aircraft
  from 102
• P3/EP-3 airframe aging
• Tough Financial environment due to
  recapitalization effort

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Naval strategy

• Moving away from blue water strategy and into
  the littorals
• Surge policy to keep forces forward, surge
  carriers, Sea Swap moving crews not ships
• Second CV (N) forward deployed in the Pacific
• Remain the countrys 911 force

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Future Navy

• Going to 309,000 personnel by 2009
• F14, S3 retired by 2006 EA-6B in 2012
• F18 E/F ( F18G in 2009) replacing all carrier
  airframes except E-2/C2 and helicopters
• Boeing building Multi-mission a/c due in 2012

• Weaponry more expensive
• Personnel costs are largest controllable expense
  in Navy budget
• Ship/aircraft procurement holiday in 1990s
• Delay to CVN (x) due to cost

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Events leading to war against Muslim extremism

• Parallels to WWII
• -Rising Threat like Japan/Germany (Al Qaeda,
  Iraq, Muslim extremists)
• -Probing attacks like attacks on US gunboats in
  China (Embassies, USS Cole)
• -World focused on economy, not world
  eventscalls for isolationism then and now!
• -Unprovoked Attack (like Pearl Harbor) on the
  Twin Towers

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Al Qaedaa non-state actor

• Means The Base
• -US and Saudi funding in the 1980s to fight
  Soviets in Afghanistan
• -1990s Sudan
• -1996 moved to Afghanistan to set up terror
  training camps with Taleban
• Operating in 40-50 countries

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Al-Queda (Continued)

• 1998 Kenya, Tanzania Embassy bombings
• 2000 USS Cole attacked in Yemen
• 2001 Suicide attacks in NYC and Washington DC

• 2002 Attack on Israelis in Mombasa, Kenya
• 2002 2003 bombings in Indonesia, Bali,
  Philippines
• 2003 2004 Simultaneous bomb attacks in Saudi
  Arabia

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The Arab Muslim Connection

• Ayman al-Zawahri, Egyptian radical wing called
  Islamic Jihad now the leader of Al Qaeda Bin
  Laden probably in W. Pakistan
• Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Jordanian leader of Iraqi
  attacks
• Links to Chechnia in Russia, Abu Sayyaf in
  Philippines, Armed Islamic group in Algeria,
  Islamic movement in Uzbekistan
• Radical Muslim philosophy - cannot co-exist with
  other religions

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Why fight at all?

• USS Cole 17 Dead

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• 9/11 3400 citizens of the world
• Chance to establish Muslim democracies in Iraq,
  Afghanistan, Indonesia
• Perhaps head off wider conflict with countries
  like Syria, Iran, Pakistan

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Ample precedence

• Tripoli (1801 Barbary Pirates)
• Philippine insurrection (Moros 1899-1913)
• Achille Lauro Hijacker force down (Abbu Abbas)
  1985

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Winning the war

• Technology making smaller non-state actors like
  Al-Qaeda more independent
• World let the terrorist training camps
  operate/train unopposed for 10 yearscleaning up
  isnt easythis is a war like cleaning up Nazis
  without world involvement

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Winning the war

• First an end to the terrorist camps in
  Afghanistan, and isolate them in world
  communitydone
• Working on a stable Iraq. Similar to post-war
  Japan/Germany, but with CNN!
• Offering proof that there is hope in free and
  democratic society...kid with the candy bar

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Winning the War

• Material rewardsreestablish the middle class in
  Iraq and Afghanistan
• Covert operations, psychological operations (win
  the hearts and minds), military assistance,
  greater international coordination
• May take yearscan we afford not to?

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The Future ?

• Evidence of additional problems
• -World focused on IraqArab vs African conflict
  spreadingSudan 50-100,000 dead due to Janjaweed
  Arab Muslim militias on African

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• Muslims-Evidence of Muslim extremism in Niger,
  Chad, Mali, Mautitania, Algeria, Morocco,
  Tunisia, possibly Libya
• Can we afford to wait again? What if they have
  nuclear/biotechnology next time?

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Allies

• World economy redefining alliances
• -Schisms existed before Iraqi invasion due to
  EU competition. NATO allies using this as an
  excuse for economic gain
• Changing population of Europe redefining their
  security postureEuropean more socialist/leftist
  and less likely to rely upon US for world alliance

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Way ahead

• Al Qaeda failed to accomplish its strategy of
  worldwide Muslim revolution, disruption of US
  economy
• Dissent is normalRevolution, Mexican war, Civil
  war, WW I, WW II Vietnam all had large levels
  of debate
• US needs to secure its borders, pursue a win-win
  strategy with Muslim governments, and mobilize
  more public support (coherent message) by showing
  its successes vice failures

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Leadership

• The Boss
• May/May not have lead before
• Isnt a mind reader
• Needs your help to take on projects/volunteer
• Beware the toxic leader!

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Leadership

• The Staff
• Set the tone you want in your work place, dont
  let the tone set you
• Lead by personal example
• Watch what you sayothers do!
• Fraternization/Sexual Harassmentgood way for an
  unplanned exit the work force

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Leadership

• Your Peers
• May not be as motivated
• Probably wont receive leadership training
• May have different standards than you

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Leadership

• Ethics - What may be legal may not be ethical
• Seek increasing positions of responsibility
• Take leadership classes whenever
  available/possiblebeware of fads

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